Newtown Pery, Limerick

Prior to the development of Newtown Pery, the historical City of Limerick was situated just north of the present day city centre, stretching from King John's Castle towards where St. John's Cathedral is today. The city was made up of two distinct towns; Englishtown (populated by Old English settlers) located on the historical island city and Irishtown (populated by natives) located on the southern bank of the Abbey River. The two towns were connected by one bridge ''Baal's Bridge'' over the Abbey River, while Thomond Bridge beside King John's Castle was a major crossing point of the River Shannon from Englishtown into modern-day County Clare. As with most cities of this time, Limerick was heavily fortified and walled and the streets were characteristically narrow, winding and cramped. Following the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII this land was granted to Edmund Sexton in 1543 of whom Edmund Sexton Pery was a descendant and on whom much of Georgian Limerick is credited. Following the turbulent years of the 17th century, Limerick began to prosper in the 18th century and was completely transformed into the city it is today. Easy access from most parts of Ireland facilitated by the River Shannon and the opening of canals enabled Limerick to become the main port city on the western side of Ireland, which in turn brought much prosperity to the city and to its merchants and landowners with trade between Britain and America. The earliest houses are located along Bank Place, Rutland Street, Patrick Street which were built by the Arthur family - a prominent Limerick family during the 18th century. Some of the finest examples of Georgian Architecture can be seen at the Crescent area and Pery Square. The commissioners were abolished in 1853, when the area was absorbed into Limerick city. In 1835, a new bridge was built over the Shannon connecting the west directly with Newtown Pery. It cemented Newtown Pery's position as Limerick's premier urban district as connections to the area improved. ==Details==

From its development, Newtown Pery has served as Limerick's CBD. It is also the city's main retail district which is centered on O'Connell Street, William Street and the adjoining streets. In addition to the quality of the Georgian heritage in the district, another striking feature of the development is the grid plan layout of the streets in the area running north–south and east–west in similar fashion and design as found in New York City, Philadelphia, Glasgow, Bristol and Berlin albeit on a smaller scale. This distinguishes Limerick's Georgian stock to the other major Irish Georgian development in Dublin, as Limerick's terraces are more uniform. This is due to the fact that the Pery owned all the land that was developed and it enabled a single development plan. Limerick continued to expand following the Act of Union and into the early 19th century; however, Pery's plan for the city was never fully realised. It was intended that the city would continue further southwards; however, a crippling economic decline in Ireland caused by the Great Irish Famine put an end to the development. The terrace at Pery Square was the last development of the great Georgian expansion of Limerick. The terrace itself was intended to be part of a Georgian square enclosing the People's Park, similar to Fitzwilliam Square or Mountjoy Square in Dublin; however, the plans were never realised as the development coincided with the beginning of the Famine. Another distinguishing feature of Georgian Limerick to Georgian Dublin is that Newtown Pery was a completely new "greenfield" development. Limerick's medieval city was left completely intact and remains to this day. But most of the built infrastructure of medieval Limerick did not survive past the mid-20th century following the clearance of slum living in the city. Some examples survive, and the street outlines remain in Nicholas Street, Mary Street, Broad Street, John Street and Mungret Street. Much of Georgian Dublin, in contrast, was undertaken by the Wide Streets Commission, which almost completely rebuilt Dublin over the older medieval city. ==Decline==

Although housing an important collection of Georgian architecture and acting as Limerick's city centre, Newtown Pery's position as the one time fashionable area of the city has slowly disappeared. In addition to this, its Georgian heritage has been severely compromised, in particular around the retail core of O'Connell Street and William street. Economic decline and stagnation plagued Limerick during the 20th century which saw some townhouses converted to tenements such as at Arthur's Quay and Bank Place. During this time very little investment was seen in Newtown Pery, only the exodus of families and industries to new suburban districts around the city due to modern requirements. By the mid-20th century, dereliction had taken its toll as the townhouses at Arthur's Quay, Francis Street and Bank Place were lost. Lax development controls enabled the almost complete rebuilding of the northern end of O'Connell Street and replacing what were some iconic and illustrious buildings with more modernist, cheaper 1960s-style architecture. The loss of Todd's Department Store to a fire which gutted the building, the rebuilding of Cannock's Department Store, Royal George Hotel, AIB Bank amongst many more, altered the look of city. Nevertheless, much of the districts Georgian townhouses remain intact. Despite the architectural losses and economic conditions, Newtown Pery remained the premier retail and services district for Limerick and the greater Mid-West Region well up into the late 20th and early 21st century. Economic stagnation in Limerick was broken by the Celtic Tiger in the late 20th century. Newtown Pery still lagged behind with regards to investment and planning, with exception to the riverfront of the Shannon. Suburban areas of Limerick saw massive investments, particularly in retail, which saw the onetime retail core of O'Connell Street and William Street being eclipsed by massive retail developments in the suburbs such as the Crescent Shopping Centre in Dooradoyle. However, in the early 21st century, this was realised and as of the 2020s, major improvements are taking place to improve the Newtown Pery area of the city. To counterbalance the apparent 'doughnut effect' of Limerick City Centre, the City and County Council, alongside the Limerick Civic Trust, Limerick 2030 DAC and the Government are funding and redeveloping the city centre, in particular the Newtown Pery area which comprises most of the city centre. Many of the buildings along the area are occupied by solicitor's offices, accountants, auctioneer's and English schools, and hospitality establishments (such as 101 O'Connell Street and Maggie Choo's). A significant revitalisation project took place on O'Connell Street, the city's main thoroughfare, from April/May 2021 to June 2023. ==Future==

In order to suspend the decline of Limerick's Central Banking District and Newtown Pery in general, both Limerick City and County Council and the Government have introduced schemes to counteract the heavy suburbanisation of the city. Amongst the most elaborate plans is the €250 million Limerick 2030 plan which will see a complete redevelopment of the Arthur's Quay area into a new and modern retailing complex. The University of Limerick purchased the former Dunnes Stores building on Sarsfied Street and modernised the building, as well as having the building rezoned from Retail to Educational. Another plan is the Living City Initiative, which provides tax relief for residents who refurbish Georgian houses in designated areas. It also provides tax relief to retailers who carry out works to upgrade or re-fit their shops in the designated Georgian area. Newtown Pery remains a testament to Limerick's rich & eventful past and remains one of the most important remnants of Ireland's Georgian Era. ==Landmarks==

The following are a list of notable buildings and landmarks in the area: • Customs House, (Hunt Museum) Rutland Street • Old City Hall, Rutland Street • Augustinian Church, O'Connell Street • Franciscan Church, Henry Street (closed) • The Crescent, Double Crescent shaped Georgian Development • Sacred Heart Church, The Crescent • O'Connell Monument, The Crescent • Dominican Church, Glentworth Street • Tait Monument, Baker Place • Spring Rice Memorial, People's Park • Pery Square tontine development, Pery Square • The People's Museum of Limerick, Pery Square • Limerick City Gallery of Art, Pery Square • Limerick Athenaeum (Theatre Royal), Cecil Street (closed) • Belltable Arts Centre, O'Connell Street (Currently closed) • Limerick War Memorial (Cenotaph), Pery Square • Colbert Station, Parnell Street • Frank McCourt Museum & Leamy Art Gallery, Hartstonge Street • Georgian House & Garden, Pery Square • St. Michael's Church of Ireland, Pery Square • St. Joseph's Church, Quinlan Street • Sarsfield Bridge • Shannon Rowing Club, Clubhouse, Sarsfield Bridge • Riverpoint, Bishop's Quay • Clayton Hotel, Steamboat Quay • 1 Bishops Quay building, the Bishop's Quay ==See also==