In 1940,
Adolf Eichmann was promoted to '''', and was listed as such in the minutes of the
Wannsee Conference held in January 1942. In 1961, during the
Eichmann trial for Lt. Col. Eichmann's crimes against humanity, the chief prosecutor,
Gideon Hausner, drew attention to the executive significance and
command responsibility of the rank of '''', in response to Eichmann's claim that he was merely a
clerk obeying orders; Hausner asked, "Were you an '''' or an office girl?" In the book
Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963) the political theoretician
Hannah Arendt said that was not a rank of significance, because Eichmann whiled away the war time awaiting promotion to the rank of
Standartenführer. That "people like Eichmann, who had risen from the ranks, were never permitted to advance beyond a lieutenant colonel [i.e. ''''] except at the front", in combat with the enemy. == In fiction ==