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Odontarrhena

Odontarrhena is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. They were originally a separate genus and then were amalgamated into the Alyssum genus, but morphological and molecular evidence has reseparated them. Some of the genera are nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulators.

Description
It is similar in habit to Alyssum and has small yellow flowers, except that it has a suborbicular pouch and one seeded cells. The plants are characterised by inflorescences that are usually compound, subumbellate racemes. There is a single ovule per loculus, and the fruit valves are at most only slightly inflated. Range Its widespread native range is from temperate Eurasia to subarctic America. It is found in Europe (within Albania, Bulgaria, Corsica, Crete, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Islands, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Sardina, Sicily, Switzerland and former Yugoslavia), Eastern Europe (within Central European Russia, Crimea, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia and Ukraine), Siberia (within Altai, Buryatiya, Chita Oblast, Irkutsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tuva, West Siberia and Yakutskiya), the Russian Far East (within Amur Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai and Magadan Oblast), Central Asia (within Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan), the Caucasus (North Caucasus and Transcaucasus), Western Asia (Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Turkey), China (Inner Mongolia, Manchuria and Xinjiang), Mongolia and also Subarctic America (within Alaska, Northwest Territories and the Yukon). next, Albania is known to have 7 species. It is also found on the serpentine soils of Lesbos Island (in Greece). ==Taxonomy==
Taxonomy
Odontarrhena was a taxonomically difficult genus of the tribe Alysseae. However, recent morphological and molecular evidence (DNA analysis) clearly showed that Alyssum and Odontarrhena are monophyletic clades within the tribe Alysseae, deserving separate generic status (Warwick et al. 2008; Cecchi et al. 2010; Rešetnik et al. 2013; Li et al. 2015). The genus name of Odontarrhena is derived from two Greek words; odous meaning tooth and arrhen meaning male. It was first described and published by Carl Anton von Meyer in Flora Altaica (edited by Carl Friedrich von Ledebour) Vol.3 on page 58 in 1831. ==Known species==
Known species
The following list includes all species recognised by either Plants of the World Online (as of January 2022) Of these, 80 species are recognised by both databases, with the remaining 16 accepted by only one of them (this is indicated in each entry). • Odontarrhena akamasicaOdontarrhena albifloraOdontarrhena alpestrisOdontarrhena americana ; only in Plants of the World Online; in BrassiBase it is a synonym of Odontarrhena obovataOdontarrhena anatolicaOdontarrhena argenteaOdontarrhena baldaccii ; only in Plants of the World Online • Odontarrhena bertoloniiOdontarrhena borzaeana ; accepted in BrassiBase; in Plants of the World Online it is a synonym of Odontarrhena obtusifoliaOdontarrhena bracteataOdontarrhena caliacrae ; only in Plants of the World Online; in BrassiBase it is a synonym of Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. caliacraeOdontarrhena callichroaOdontarrhena caricaOdontarrhena cassiaOdontarrhena chalcidicaOdontarrhena chondrogynaOdontarrhena cilicicaOdontarrhena condensataOdontarrhena constellataOdontarrhena corsicaOdontarrhena corymbosoideaOdontarrhena crenulataOdontarrhena cypricaOdontarrhena davisianaOdontarrhena debarensisOdontarrhena decipiens ; according to Plants of the World Online; on BrassiBase it is Odontarrhena lurensisOdontarrhena diffusa ; accepted in BrassiBase; in Plants of the World Online it is a synonym of Odontarrhena argenteaOdontarrhena discolorOdontarrhena dubertretiiOdontarrhena dudleyiOdontarrhena elatior ; accepted in BrassiBase; in Plants of the World Online it is a synonym of Odontarrhena chalcidicaOdontarrhena eriophyllaOdontarrhena euboeaOdontarrhena fallacina ; accepted in BrassiBase; in Plants of the World Online it is a synonym of Odontarrhena heldreichiiOdontarrhena fedtschenkoanaOdontarrhena filiformisOdontarrhena floribundaOdontarrhena fragillimaOdontarrhena gehamensisOdontarrhena gevgelicensisOdontarrhena giosnanaOdontarrhena haradjianiiOdontarrhena haussknechtiiOdontarrhena heldreichiiOdontarrhena huber-morathiiOdontarrhena inflataOdontarrhena kavadarcensisOdontarrhena kurdicaOdontarrhena lanigeraOdontarrhena lesbiacaOdontarrhena libanoticaOdontarrhena litvinoviiOdontarrhena lurensis ; according to BrassiBase; in Plants of the World Online it is Odontarrhena decipiensOdontarrhena markgrafii ; accepted in BrassiBase; in Plants of the World Online it is a synonym of Odontarrhena chalcidicaOdontarrhena masmenaeaOdontarrhena metajnaeOdontarrhena moravensis ; only in Plants of the World Online • Odontarrhena mozaffarianii ; only in Plants of the World Online • Odontarrhena mughlaeiOdontarrhena muralisOdontarrhena nebrodensisOdontarrhena obovataOdontarrhena obtusifoliaOdontarrhena orbelicaOdontarrhena oxycarpaOdontarrhena pateriOdontarrhena peltarioideaOdontarrhena penjwinensisOdontarrhena pinifoliaOdontarrhena polycladaOdontarrhena pterocarpaOdontarrhena pugiostylaOdontarrhena rigida ; only in Plants of the World Online • Odontarrhena robertianaOdontarrhena samariferaOdontarrhena samiaOdontarrhena schirwanica ; accepted in BrassiBase; in Plants of the World Online it is a synonym of Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. tortuosaOdontarrhena serpentinaOdontarrhena serpentinicolaOdontarrhena serpyllifolia ; according to BrassiBase; in Plants of the World Online it is Alyssum serpyllifoliumOdontarrhena sibiricaOdontarrhena singarensisOdontarrhena skopjensisOdontarrhena smolikanaOdontarrhena stipitataOdontarrhena stridii ; only in Plants of the World Online • Odontarrhena subalpinaOdontarrhena subspinosaOdontarrhena syriacaOdontarrhena szarabiacaOdontarrhena tavolaraeOdontarrhena tortuosaOdontarrhena trapeziformisOdontarrhena troodiOdontarrhena turgidaOdontarrhena virgata ==Uses==
Uses
About 48 members of the Odontarrhena species, are known to be nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulators (a plant capable of growing in soil or water with very high concentrations of metals). The accumulation of nickel was first discovered in the Italian endemic Odontarrhena bertolonii (syn. Alyssum bertolonii by Minguzzi and Vergnano in 1948, Of the 168 or so species of Alyssum, 45 species were determined to be hyperaccumulators of nickel, all from the Odontarrhena section. The metal is found in the roots, stem, leaves and flowers of the plant. ==References==
Other sources
• Cecchi, L., Colzi, I., Coppi, A., Gonnelli, C. & Selvi, F. (2013) Diversity and biogeography of Ni-hyperaccumulators of Alyssum section Odontarrhena (Brassicaceae) in the central western Mediterranean: evidence from karyology, morphology and DNA sequence data. Botanical journal of the Linnaean Society 173: 269–289. • Nyárády, E.J. (1929a) [“1928”] Studiu preliminar asupra unor specii de Alyssum din secţia Odontarrhena. Vorstudium über einige Arten der Section Odontarrhena der Gattung Alyssum (Forsetzung). Buletinul Gradinii Botanice si al Muzeului Botanic dela Universitatea din Cluj 8 (2–4): 152–156.
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