Lexicon The vocabulary used in Old Sundanese is still mostly recognizable for speakers
modern Sundanese, either with the same meaning or having undergone a change of meaning. The use of
Sanskrit which is adapted to the pronunciation or writing of the ancient Sundanese is mixed quite clearly. This is because of the nuances of the use of ancient Sundanese in
Hindu and
Buddhist religious texts. In some parts, the same vocabulary is often found, even combined with sentence strings in
Old Javanese. In other parts, we also find the use of
Old Malay vocabulary and
Arabic. The lexicon of Old Sundanese has been collected in an Old Sundanese–Indonesian dictionary.
Morphology The morphology of word formation can generally be recognized in modern Sundanese with some exclusions, for example the use of the
prefix a- in the word
awurung. The
suffix -
keun has a grammatical function similar to that of -
kan in
Indonesian language. In addition, the use of insertion affixes (
infix)
-in- and
-um- in the word
ginawé (
word stem gawé;' 'to do') and
gumanti (the root word
ganti: 'replace') are insertions that are classified as productive used in old Sundanese, now words that include
-in- and
- um- is often considered monomorphemic. The following words are often not perceived as interpolated words such as
sumebar which consists of
sebar and
-um-,
cumeluk which consists of
celuk and
-um- or
tinangtu which consists of
tangtu and
-in- and
pinareng consists of
pareng and
-in-. The last is the use of insertion
-ar- which serves to make a noun or adjective plural, for example in the word
karolot (word stem
kolot; 'the elders') which is still used until now.
Syntax At the syntactic level, in general the sentence form in ancient Sundanese still has similarities with modern Sundanese. One of the features of ancient Sundanese that can be distinguished from the structure of modern Sundanese is the use of the predicate-subject pattern in the sentence structure of the ancient Sundanese language with predicates in the form of a verb (verb) and a subject in the form of a noun (noun) which is quite consistent. == Writing system ==