Upon release, the track received generally positive reviews from music critics. Jocelyn Vena of
MTV said that "with songs like 'Overprotected' and 'Let Me Be', Spears seemed to be letting out her adolescent angst", while Kyle Anderson of
MTV Newsroom said, "the real first blush with emancipation from [the singer's]
teen pop past came with ['Overprotected']". While reviewing Spears' third studio album
Britney (2001),
Stephen Thomas Erlewine of
AllMusic said the track, along with "
I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" and "What It's Like to Be Me", "are pivotal moments on Britney Spears' third album, the record where she strives to deepen her persona (not the same thing as her character, of course), making it more adult while still recognizably Britney". Christopher Rosa, from
Glamour, deemed it Spears' eight best song, and said that "feeling overly controlled or scrutinized is a consistent theme in Spears's discography, but this motif started with Overprotected", calling the song "introspection with a killer hook. Critic
Robert Christgau also considered "Overprotected" and "Cinderella" as the highlights of
Britney, while saying, "hardly the first not-terribly-bright teenager to approach self-knowledge via the words of others". Nikki Tranker of
PopMatters said the song "is an absolute belter reminiscent of Britney’s previous big-bang singles, 'Oops! I Did It Again' and '
You Drive Me Crazy' [
sic]", while commenting that Spears "sings about ridding herself of the girlie chains around her, gripes about her need for space in the whirlwind that is her life, and lets us know she don’t need nobody telling her what to do". The staff from
Entertainment Weekly placed it at number 24 on their ranking of Spears' songs and said that "there’s an eerie amount of foreshadowing for what was to come in her personal life. And Max Martin shows once again he had an unassailable gift for crafting that decade’s most indelible hooks". In 2003, the song received a
Grammy nomination for
Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the
45th Annual Grammy Awards.
Digital Spy's Alim Kheraj hailed it "an anthem that deals with the complexities of growing up and being held back by other people's perceptions [...] full of distinctive chord progressions and more hooks than it seems possible to include in one song". ==Chart performance==