The pact abolished Catholic, Socialist and all other independent unions and declared Fascist-controlled unions to have a monopoly on labour representation. The industrialists were hugely reluctant to sign as they feared a united labour force would pose a significant threat in the years to come, but were willing to make concessions in order to appease the
National Fascist Party. The pact also prohibited workers' councils, to the dismay of
Edmondo Rossoni, head of the GCFSC, who saw worker and employer integration as an essential ingredient in
corporatism. Evidence suggests that the CGII had pointed out to Mussolini that worker councils were dominated by socialists and therefore had to be disbanded. ==Arbitrator==