2024 Rio Grande do Sul floods

An atmospheric block, caused by a high-pressure system in Centro-Sul, prevented the displacement of typical meteorological systems (such as extratropical cyclones, cold fronts, and troughs) that cause precipitation. In the areas where the anticyclone was active, temperatures were higher than the record values recorded by the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), since areas of instability were confined to the state of Rio Grande do Sul. On 22 April, the Civil Defense of Rio Grande do Sul issued a meteorological alert, later updated, warning of the risk of disruptions due to isolated storms and locally intense rains, which could cause flooding and power cuts. In the following days, the Civil Defense kept issuing alerts, along with forecasts for adverse weather conditions. Heavy rain and strong winds started hitting the northern part of the state on 28 April; by the following day, they had spread to almost the entire state. Storms occurring between 28 April and 1 May were caused by a cold front associated with a low-pressure area over the sea, while also being influenced by a moisture flow coming from the north of the country. According to an INMET report, rainfall reached over in some parts of Rio Grande do Sul in 24 hours on 30 April; Other climatologists, such as Paulo Artaxo, a member of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the National Institute for Space Research, and Marcio Astrini, executive secretary of the Climate Observatory, also correlated the frequent floods in the South of Brazil with the impacts of global warming in Brazil and the lack of public policies to mitigate these effects. ==Impact==

Victims during the flood and Porto Alegre Across all regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, at least 169 people were killed, 806 others were injured, and 56 were left missing in the floods. At least 580,000 others were displaced from their homes, around 68,500 of whom were in shelters. The flooding was exacerbated by the partial collapse of the 14 de Julho hydroelectric dam located on the Das Antas River between the municipalities of Cotiporã and Bento Gonçalves, which left at least 30 people killed; and flood damage occurred in 431 of the state's 497 municipalities, Entire cities in the Taquari River valley, such as Lajeado, Estrela, were made temporarily inaccessible by the effects of the floods. as most areas of the city were flooded, with more than 60 streets becoming completely inaccessible and more than 10 being partially blocked;''' Across almost all affected municipalities, classes were suspended, with 386 schools suffering damage and 52 being repurposed as shelters. The flood displaced more than 700 people in Uruguay, and it shut down several rural schools. Ten aircraft have been damaged, including PR-AJN Embraer EMB-505 Phenom 300, PR-DCL Beechcraft C90GTx King Air, PR-FHT Embraer EMB-500 Phenom 100, PR-SCC Cessna T206H Stationair TC, PR-TTP Boeing 727-2M7(A)(F) Total Linhas Aéreas SA, PS-CNB Cessna 208B Grand Caravan EX Azul, PS-LCA Pilatus PC-24, Piper PA-46-500TP M500, PT-OSW BAe 125-800B, and the museum PP-ANU DC-3 Varig Exposition. 90% of businesses in the state suffered partial or total losses due to the flooding. Surveys conducted by the Confederação Nacional dos Municípios estimated a R$2.7 billion (US$521 million) loss in agriculture, and a R$245.4 million (US$47 million) loss in livestock farming. At least 141 cases of leptospirosis, a bacterial blood infection that can be transmitted via contaminated standing water, were confirmed across the state following the floods, with at least seven people eventually dying from complications of the disease. ==Aftermath==

The floods were considered the worst to hit Brazil in over 80years, and local bus services, suspended their activities for an undetermined period. Following an official request filed by regional-based clubs Internacional, Grêmio and Juventude, whose stadiums, Federação Gaúcha de Futebol, the CBF postponed the games for a further twenty days on 7May. When Internacional and Grêmio were competing in the Copa Sudamericana and the Copa Libertadores, respectively, both had two of their group-stage matches postponed by CONMEBOL at the time of the disaster. Reactions and humanitarian efforts In the immediate aftermath of the floods, the governor of Rio Grande do Sul, Eduardo Leite, said that the floods were an "absolutely unprecedented emergency", even more so than the previous year's floods. On 5 May, it was announced that the government had approved a R$117.7million (US$21.8million) worth package aimed to restore the state's infrastructures left damaged by the floods. flying over flooded areas in Canoas on 5 May 2024 President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva visited Rio Grande do Sul on 2 May, holding a public speech in Santa Maria. National Force and Civil Defense members were also sent by the state governments of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo. the latter team also made a R$100,000 (US$20,000) worth donation to the regional charity fund through their Instituto Galo foundation, and other Série A and Série B teams shared details about fundraising campaigns on social media, while the CBF donated R$1million (US$200,000) to the victims and opened a parallel campaign. Starting from 6 May, the Civil Defense hosted a charity campaign for food donations in São José do Rio Preto. , Vice President Geraldo Alckmin, the Minister of Finance Fernando Haddad, and other government officials announcing federal resources for Rio Grande do Sul on 9 May 2024 On 5 May, after delivering the Angelus Address in St. Peter's Square in the Vatican City, Pope Francis expressed his solidarity to the victims of the floods; several other figures of the Brazilian Catholic Church commented on the disaster, including Archbishop of Porto Alegre and CNBB president, Jaime Spengler, On 9 May, the Brazilian government, through the Minister of Finance, Fernando Haddad, announced R$51billion (US$10billion) in resources and benefits for the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The state-owned national bank Caixa Econômica Federal announced another R$66.8billion (US$13.1billion) in forms of financing and benefits. As of 11 May, 12,000 Brazilian armed forces personnel are on the ground for the relief operations. The Santa Maria-based Horus squadron of the Brazilian Air Force assisted in rescue missions with Hermes 900 drones, locating 36 victims in need of rescue between 5–6 May and lasing their positions to rescue helicopters. A Hermes 900 drone crashed due to a "technical problem" in the morning of 8 May, in an accident pending investigation by CENIPA. A replacement drone was bought in September 2024. Civil society Since the start of the heavy rains, civilian volunteers have mobilized to rescue marooned families and to assist families rescued in gyms, schools, and churches. They used all-terrain vehicles, trucks, boats, water motorcycles, and other transportation to rescue people and animals from flooded areas. In Canoas, a makeshift center had already received 600 dogs as of 7 May 2024. Due to the insufficient number of fire departments, civil defense, and armed forces personnel in some areas of the state at the beginning of the relief operations, some people waited three days to be rescued. As a measure to speed up rescues, a group from Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis voluntarily and independently created an internet platform as a way of centralizing rescue efforts and also making it possible to make requests for help, with requests for help being transformed into geolocation points with routes to the location. As of 9 May 2024, it had already collaborated with more than 12,000 rescues. Universo Online reported that a group of volunteers were forced to retrieve thousands of firearms at Salgado Filho Porto Alegre International Airport by a representative of arms manufacturer Taurus Armas, saying that the representative misled them into launching what they were initially told to be rescue operations for people stranded at the airport, who then threatened to have them detained if they refused to proceed on security grounds. International aid for humanitarian assistance On 3 May 2024, the Venezuelan Minister of Foreign Affairs, Yván Gil, offered the Brazilian government support on behalf of the Venezuelan government and President Nicolás Maduro. On 5 May, the government of Uruguay sent an Air Force (FAU) Delfin Bell 212 helicopter and its crew to Brazil and offered two drones and two rescue boats to assist in the rescues. A Lockheed Martin KC-130 plane from the FAU with equipment and humanitarian aid was also offered, but was refused by Brazilian authorities due to a lack of proper aerodromes, which were equally damaged by the floods. On 6 May, the Argentine government, led by President Javier Milei, announced that they would send 20 Federal Police officers and divers from the Argentine Navy, as well as three helicopters and a C-130 cargo plane from the Argentine Air Force. On 9 May, a humanitarian aid package was announced, consisting of approximately 2,500 tons of food, 48,000 liters of potable water, 5,000 hygiene and cleaning kits, 400 water filters, and about 5,000 bedding items transported by three Azul Brazilian Airlines planes in partnership with the Helping Hands project of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. On 10 May, the White House National Security Advisor, John Kirby, announced a donation of US$120,000 in resources and hygiene kits from the United States. On 27 May, the , sailing through the Brazilian coast as part of its "Southern Seas 2024" deployment, conducted a vertical replenishment operation with the , transferring 15 tons of humanitarian supplies from the nuclear aircraft carrier to the helicopter carrier as part of the relief efforts. On 29 May, the Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Antonio Tajani, announced that the Italian government had sent a B-767 cargo plane with equipment and humanitarian aid, including medications, tents, electric generators and portable water purification devices, to Brazilian authorities. The Italian ambassador to Brazil, Alessandro Cortese, and the Italian consul general of Porto Alegre, Valerio Caruso, also visited Bento Gonçalves and Canoas, two of the areas affected by the floods. ==See also==