1993 taxonomy ;Families and subfamilies included within the superfamily Conoidea according to Taylor,
et al. 1993 •
Clavatulidae Clay, 1853 •
Conidae Fleming, 1822 •
Coninae – cone snails •
Clathurellinae •
Conorbiinae •
Mangeliinae •
Oenopotinae •
Raphitominae •
Drilliidae Olsson, 1964 •
Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1964 •
Strictispiridae McLean, 1971 •
Terebridae Mörch, 1852 – auger shells •
Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838) – turrids This same classification was accepted by Bouchet & Rocroi in 2005.
2009 taxonomy In 2009 John K. Tucker and Manuel J. Tenorio proposed a classification system for the
cone shells and their allies (which resorb their inner walls during growth) based upon a
cladistical analysis of anatomical characters including the
radular tooth, the
morphology (i.e. shell characters), as well as an analysis of prior
molecular phylogeny studies, all of which were used to construct phylogenetic trees. In their phylogeny, Tucker and Tenorio noted the close relationship of the cone species within the various clades, corresponding to their proposed families and genera; this also corresponded to the results of prior molecular studies by Puillandre
et al. and others. This 2009 proposed classification system also outlined the taxonomy for the other clades of Conoidean gastropods (that do
not resorb their inner walls), also based upon morphological, anatomical, and molecular studies, and removes the
turrid snails (which are a distinct large and diverse group) from the
cone snails and creates a number of new families. The authors presented a new classification of the Conoidea on the genus level, based on anatomical characters but also on the
molecular phylogeny as presented by Puillandre N., et al., 2008. They recognize fifteen families:
Conidae,
Terebridae, and the
polyphyletic family
Turridae resolved into 13
monophyletic families (containing 358 currently recognized genera and subgenera). The authors follow tentatively the classification for the family Conidae as presented by Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Recognized families in the Conoidea (as of 2025): •
Borsoniidae Bellardi, 1875 •
Bouchetispiridae Kantor, Strong & Puillandre, 2012 •
Clathurellidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858 •
Clavatulidae Gray, 1853 •
Cochlespiridae Powell, 1942 •
Conidae Fleming, 1822 •
Conorbidae de Gregorio, 1880 • †
Cryptoconidae Cossmann, 1896 •
Drilliidae Olsson, 1964 •
Fusiturridae Abdelkrim, Aznar-Cormano, Fedosov, Kantor, Lozouet, Phuong, Zaharias & Puillandre, 2018 •
Horaiclavidae Bouchet, Kantor, Sysoev & Puillandre, 2011 •
Mangeliidae P. Fischer, 1883 •
Marshallenidae Abdelkrim, Aznar-Cormano, Fedosov, Kantor, Lozouet, Phuong, Zaharias & Puillandre, 2018 •
Mitromorphidae Casey, 1904 •
Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1966 • †
Pseudotomidae •
Raphitomidae Bellardi, 1875 •
Strictispiridae McLean, 1971 •
Terebridae Mörch, 1852 •
Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838) ;
Conoidea (unassigned) Genera not assigned to a family: • †
Amuletum Stephenson, 1941 • †
Austroclavus Powell, 1942 •
Bathyferula Stahlschmidt, Lamy & Fraussen, 2012 • †
Campylacrum Finlay & Marwick, 1937 • †
Clinuropsis Vincent, 1913 • †
Cosmasyrinx Marwick, 1931 • †
Cryptoborsonia Powell, 1944 •
Cryptomella Finlay, 1924 •
Echinoturris Powell, 1935 •
Eoscobinella Powell, 1942 • †
Eopleurotoma Cossmann, 1889 • †
Eothesbia Finlay & Marwick, 1937 • †
Eoturris Finlay & Marwick, 1937 • †
Fenestrodaphne Powell, 1944 •
Hemipleurotoma Cossmannn, 1889 • †
Ingaunoturricula M. P. Bernasconi & Robba, 1984 • †
Insolentia Finlay, 1926 •
Mangaoparia Vella, 1954 •
Maoricrassus Vella, 1954 • †
Moniliopsis Cossmann, 1918 • †
Optoturris A.W.B. Powell, 1944 • †
Orthosurcula Casey, 1904 • †
Oxyacrum Cossmann, 1889 •
Parasyngenochilus Long, 1981 • †
Parasyrinx Finlay, 1924 •
Pleurotomoides Bronn, 1831 • †
Pseudoinquisitor Powell, 1942 • †
Rugobela Finlay, 1924 •
Sinistrella Meyer, 1887 • †
Syngenochilus Powell, 1944 •
Tahudrillia Powell, 1942 • †
Turrinosyrinx Hickman, 1976 •
Veruturris Powell, 1944 ;Families and subfamilies brought into synonymy • Acusidae Gray, 1853: synonym of
Terebridae Mörch, 1852 • Clavidae Casey, 1904: synonym of
Drilliidae Olsson, 1964 • Clionellidae Stimpson, 1865: synonym of
Clavatulidae Gray, 1853 • Conilithidae Tucker & Tenorio, 2009: synonym of
Conidae Fleming, 1822 • Crassispirinae McLean, 1971: synonym of
Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1966 • Cytharinae Thiele, 1929: synonym of
Mangeliidae P. Fischer, 1883 • Daphnellinae Casey, 1904: synonym of
Raphitomidae Bellardi, 1875 • Diptychomitrinae L. Bellardi, 1888: synonym of
Mitromorphidae Casey, 1904 • Melatomidae Gill, 1871: synonym of
Clavatulidae Gray, 1853 • Mitrolumnidae Sacco, 1904: synonym of
Mitromorphidae Casey, 1904 • Oenopotinae Bogdanov, 1987: synonym of
Mangeliidae P. Fischer, 1883 • Pervicaciidae Rudman, 1969: synonym of
Terebridae Mörch, 1852 • Pleurotomellinae F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of
Raphitomidae Bellardi, 1875 • Pleurotomidae: synonym of
Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838) • Pusionellinae Gray, 1853: synonym of
Clavatulidae Gray, 1853 • Taraninae Casey, 1904: synonym of
Raphitomidae Bellardi, 1875 • Taranteconidae Tucker & Tenorio, 2009: synonym of
Conidae Fleming, 1822 • Thatcheriidae Powell, 1942: synonym of
Raphitomidae Bellardi, 1875 • Turriculinae Powell, 1942: synonym of
Clavatulidae Gray, 1853 • Zemaciinae Sysoev, 2003: synonym of
Borsoniidae Bellardi, 1875 • Zonulispirinae McLean, 1971: synonym of
Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1966 ;Genera (not assigned to a family) brought into synonymy • †
Acamptogenotia Rovereto, 1899: synonym of †
Pseudotoma Bellardi, 1875 •
Defrancia Millet, 1826: synonym of
Pleurotomoides Bronn, 1831 •
Fusosurcula Is. Taki, 1951: synonym of †
Orthosurcula Casey, 1904 • †
Lirasyrinx Powell, 1942: synonym of †
Parasyrinx Finlay, 1924 • †
Tholitoma Finlay & Marwick, 1937: synonym of †
Cosmasyrinx (
Tholitoma) Finlay & Marwick, 1937 represented as †
Cosmasyrinx Marwick, 1931 • †
Waitara Marwick, 1931: synonym of
Thatcheria Angas, 1877 ==References==