Development and casting (pictured) would be available to play the protagonist. Immediately after
Ben Silverman was named co-chairman of
NBC's entertainment division in 2007, he asked Greg Daniels to create a
spin-off of
The Office. Daniels co-created
Parks and Recreation with Michael Schur, who had been a writer on
The Office. The two spent months considering ideas for the new series and debating whether to make it a stand-alone rather than a spin-off. After Amy Poehler agreed to play the lead, they decided the series would revolve around an optimistic bureaucrat in small-town government. The idea was partly inspired by the portrayal of local politics on the
HBO drama series
The Wire, as well as the renewed interest in and optimism about politics stemming from the
2008 United States presidential election. The staff was also drawn to the idea of building a show around a female relationship, namely Leslie Knope and Ann Perkins. The producers insisted their new series would be entirely independent. Nevertheless, their concept for it shared several elements with
The Office, particularly the
mockumentary approach and the encouragement of
improvisation among the cast, even though the episodes were scripted. Schur said at
PaleyFest that he and Daniels approached casting with the idea of finding "the funniest people and we'll tailor the roles to them". It was only after she was cast that Daniels and Schur established the series' general concept and the script for the pilot was written.
Rashida Jones was among the first to be cast by Daniels and Schur in 2008, when the series was still being considered as a spin-off to
The Office, where Jones had played
Jim Halpert's girlfriend
Karen Filippelli, who formerly worked at the Stamford Branch but was soon transferred to the Scranton Branch in the third season. She departed in the middle of season six, and returned for a guest appearance later in the season. Jones returned in the series finale, along with the
COVID-19 pandemic special. Schneider left the cast after the second season and the character is not referenced at any point during the remainder of the series' run. Similarly with Jones, Daniels and Schur had intended to cast
Aziz Ansari from the earliest stages of the development of
Parks and Recreation.
Chris Pratt was originally intended to be a guest star, with his character Andy Dwyer initially meant to appear only in the first season, but the producers liked Pratt so much that, almost immediately after casting him, they decided to make him a regular cast member starting with season two.
Adam Scott left his starring role on the
Starz comedy series
Party Down to join the series as
Ben Wyatt, starting with the penultimate second-season episode, "The Master Plan".
Nick Offerman previously auditioned for the role of
Michael Scott in
The Office, which eventually went to
Steve Carell. Offerman was originally considered for another role, but NBC felt that he wouldn't fit for a character who would later kiss Jones at some point in the series; he was cast instead as
Ron Swanson.
Rob Lowe was introduced as
Chris Traeger alongside Scott and was originally expected to depart after a string of guest appearances, but later signed a multi-year contract to become a regular cast member. He departed from the series in the season six episode, "Ann and Chris", and were added to the opening credits during the sixth season.
Billy Eichner was a recurring cast member as
Craig Middlebrooks during season 6, and began being billed as a member of the regular cast in the fourth episode of season seven.
Crew Deedle-Dee Productions and
Universal Media Studios produced
Parks and Recreation starting with the first season; the production companies
Fremulon and
3 Arts Entertainment also became involved with the show starting with the second season. The series was created by
Greg Daniels and
Michael Schur, who served as executive producers along with Howard Klein. Klein previously worked with Daniels and Schur on
The Office, a half-hour
NBC comedy Daniels adapted from the
British comedy of the same name, created by
Ricky Gervais and
Stephen Merchant. Schur served as the
showrunner of
Parks and Recreation, while Amy Poehler and Morgan Sackett worked as producers.
Mike Scully, a former executive producer and showrunner for
The Simpsons, joined
Parks and Recreation as a consulting producer starting in the middle of the first season.
Allison Jones, who worked as a casting director for
The Office, served in the same capacity at the start of
Parks and Recreation, along with Nancy Perkins, for whom the character Ann Perkins was named. Dorian Frankel became the casting director starting with the second season.
Alan Yang,
Harris Wittels, and Katie Dippold, all of whom were
Parks and Recreation screenwriters, also worked as executive story editors. The
pilot episode was written by Daniels and Schur, and directed by Daniels. "
The Master Plan", and "
Time Capsule". Poehler wrote three episodes: "
Telethon" in season 2, "
The Fight" in season 3, and "
The Debate" in season 4 (for which she was nominated for a
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series). She also co-wrote "Second Chunce" in season 6, the series' 100th episode, and "One Last Ride", the series finale, with Schur. Poehler also directed three episodes, "The Debate" in season 4, "Article Two" in season 5, and "Gryzzlbox" in season 7. Other cast members that wrote or directed episodes include
Nick Offerman, who wrote "Lucky" in season 4, and directed season 5's "Correspondents' Lunch" and season 6's "Flu Season 2"; while
Adam Scott directed season 6's "Farmers Market". Holland also directed about thirty episodes of the series.
Norm Hiscock, a consulting producer, Other regular screenwriters included
Katie Dippold,
Dan Goor,
Aisha Muharrar,
Harris Wittels, and
Alan Yang. Frequent
Parks and Recreation directors include
Dean Holland,
Randall Einhorn,
Troy Miller, and
Jason Woliner, with several others guest-directing one or two episodes such as
Jeffrey Blitz,
Paul Feig,
Tucker Gates,
Seth Gordon,
Nicole Holofcener,
Beth McCarthy-Miller,
Michael McCullers, and
Charles McDougall.
Writing The writers spent time researching local California politics and attending
Los Angeles City Council meetings. and the inspiration for Ron Swanson's anti-government convictions came from a real-life encounter Schur had in
Burbank with a libertarian government official who admitted, "I don't really believe in the mission of my job." For example, while an early draft of the pilot script had Mark saying he didn't care about Leslie or the pit but would support her plan because he liked Ann Perkins and wanted an excuse to spend more time with her, the finished pilot had Mark backing Leslie because he admired her passion and drive. Schur said the writing staff strove to avoid the type of cynical humor prevalent in most television comedies at the time and wanted the characters to have a genuine appreciation for each other. Schur said of this, "I've never liked mean-spirited comedy. The characters on our show make fun of each other, but not in a biting, angry way. And there's no shortage of conflict in the world of government." During the first season, the writing staff received audience feedback that Leslie Knope seemed unintelligent and "ditzy." Schur said the writers did not intend for Leslie to be stupid, but rather an overeager woman who "takes her job too seriously", so a particular effort was made to present that character as more intelligent and capable at her job starting in the second season. The staff also decided to move on from the construction pit story arc, having the pit filled in the second-season episode "Kaboom". "
The Stakeout" included a parody of the
controversial arrest of
Harvard University professor
Henry Louis Gates, Starting in the middle of the second season, the writing staff began to draw inspiration from the premise of
The Contender (2000). Schur explained
The Contender was about a female politician trying to succeed amid intense scrutiny in a political arena dominated by men, which is similar to challenges Leslie Knope occasionally encounters. The financial difficulties Pawnee experiences during the late second-season and third-season episodes were reflective of the
2008 financial crisis facing the nation and much of the world when the episodes were produced. The third season included a seven-episode story arc about the characters organizing a harvest festival and staking the financial future of their department on its success. The festival served as a device to unite the characters, much like the construction pit had earlier in the show. Schur said this was done because the first six episodes were written and filmed early, and the writing staff felt having one concise storyline to tie them together kept the writers focused and, in Schur's words, helped "organize our tired, end-of-the-year brains". for example, the original cut of the 22-minute pilot was 48 minutes long. Another distinction from
The Office is while almost all footage from that show is filmed in a workplace setting, the documentary crew on
Parks and Recreation regularly follows the characters into more intimate, non-work settings, such as on dates or at their homes.
Parks and Recreation also makes frequent use of the
jump cut technique. For instance, one scene in the pilot episode repeatedly jump cuts between brief clips in which Leslie seeks permission from Ron to pursue the pit project. The show faced early production delays because Poehler was pregnant when she signed on, and filming had to be postponed until she gave birth. Scenes set in playgrounds and elsewhere outdoors were filmed on location in Los Angeles. Schur said an aerial shot of the harvest festival at the end of the episode was the most expensive shot in the entire series. After the episodes were already filmed, NBC opted not to put the show on the fall schedule and instead delayed the premiere of the third season until the beginning of 2011. The schedule change meant that all sixteen episodes from the third season were filmed before any of them were shown; NBC chief executive officer
Jeff Gaspin said this move was not a reflection on
Parks and Recreation, and suggested the extended hiatus would not only have no negative effect on the show, but could actually build anticipation for its return. although Poehler also pointed out it gave them additional time to go back and re-edit episodes or shoot and add new material. The winning entry was written by
Gaby Moreno and
Vincent Jones. He said Moreno and Jones' song "does a really good job of explaining what the town is like. (The) credits do a really good job of establishing it's just sort of a normal, every-day town in the middle of the country." Pratt and the other band members played live during filming of the episode, rather than being pre-recorded and dubbed later. One song featured in "Rock Show", called "The Pit", chronicles Andy's experience falling into a construction pit and breaking his legs. In "Li'l Sebastian", Andy performs a tribute song called "5,000 Candles in the Wind", so-called because Leslie asks him to write a song like "
Candle in the Wind" by
Elton John, only 5,000 times better. The song was performed by the show's cast in the 2020 reunion special.
The Awesome Album A Mouse Rat album,
The Awesome Album, was released by
Dualtone Records and Entertainment 720 (a fictional company within the show, created by Tom Haverford) on vinyl, CD, cassette, and digital download on August 27, 2021. The album was announced with the release of two singles: "The Pit" (from the season 1 finale, "
Rock Show") and "Two Birds Holding Hands" (from the season 3 episode, "
Andy and April's Fancy Party"). The album features guest vocals from Nick Offerman as Ron Swanson and
Jeff Tweedy as Scott Tanner. Pratt stated on Rob Lowe's podcast
Parks and Recollection that he was not involved with the project or its promotion. On the weekly
Billboard charts,
The Awesome Album debuted at number 2 on
Comedy Albums, number 11 on
Heatseekers Albums, and number 17 on
Top Album Sales. ==Broadcast==