MarketR. Budd Dwyer
Company Profile

R. Budd Dwyer

Robert Budd Dwyer was an American politician who served as the 70th treasurer of Pennsylvania from 1981 until his his suicide in 1987. He had previously served from 1965 to 1971 as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and from 1971 to 1981 as a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate representing the state's 50th district. Dwyer committed suicide by gunshot during a press conference.

Early life and education
Robert Budd Dwyer was born on November 21, 1939, in St. Charles, Missouri, to Robert Malcolm Dwyer (1899–1980) and Alice (née Budd; 1907–1972) Dwyer. in Meadville, Pennsylvania, where he was a member of the Beta Chi chapter of Theta Chi fraternity. After earning a master's degree at Cambridge Springs High School. ==Career==
Career
Pennsylvania Assembly Gerald Ford, A Republican, Dwyer became active in politics. In 1970, while still a State Representative, Dwyer campaigned to become a Pennsylvania State Senator for the Senate's 50th district, and won. Soon after his victory he resigned as Representative and was sworn in as Senator in January 1971. Pennsylvania Treasurer After being elected to two additional terms in 1974 and 1978, He campaigned for a second and last term in 1984 and won re-election, defeating Democratic nominee and former auditor general Al Benedict. ==CTA scandal and bribery conviction==
CTA scandal and bribery conviction
Background From 1979 to 1981, before Dwyer was state treasurer, public employees of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania overpaid millions of dollars in Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) taxes. As a result, the state required an accounting company to determine refunds for its employees. Schatzman later contacted officials of the accounting company Arthur Young and Associates, who confirmed that the no-bid CTA contract was overpriced by millions of dollars. In June 1984, the Office of the Pennsylvania Auditor General informed the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the alleged bribery that occurred during the awarding of the contract. During late July 1984, Janice R. Kincaid, a former CTA employee, released a sworn statement claiming that Dwyer awarded the contract to CTA because he was promised a $300,000 kickback by the company. Kincaid also indicated that Torquato directed female CTA employees to give sexual favors to potential clients. Dwyer's awarding of the CTA contract was investigated by federal prosecutors. Upon learning of this investigation, Dwyer rescinded the contract with CTA on July 11, 1984. Dwyer later admitted to telling his staff to withhold request for proposal (RFP) information from the U.S. attorney and the FBI during the investigation. After being indicted by a federal grand jury, Dwyer was finally charged with agreeing to receive a kickback of $300,000 in return for awarding CTA the contract. Dwyer stated that he offered to take a polygraph test on the condition that if he passed it, he would not be indicted. The state rejected Dwyer's offer. Prior to Dwyer's indictment, on October 22, 1984, a grand jury indicted Torquato, Torquato's attorney William T. Smith, Judy Smith, Alan R. Stoneman, and David Herbert. At his 1985 trial, Smith, who was a friend of Dwyer's, testified that he did not bribe Dwyer, and instead that Torquato offered Dwyer a campaign contribution in return for the CTA contract, yet Dwyer rejected Torquato's offer. In contrast, Torquato testified that Smith offered Dwyer a $300,000 bribe in return for the CTA contract. Dwyer, acting as a defense witness at Smith's trial, denied that he was offered a contribution. In August 1984, Smith failed a polygraph test when he stated that he did not bribe Dwyer or any state official. Robert B. Asher, the then Pennsylvania Republican Party Chairman, objected to this, and requested that the $300,000 be directed entirely to the Republican State Committee, since Asher "did not want Dwyer to go to jail". Indictment Dwyer, along with Asher, was indicted by a federal grand jury on May 13, 1986. In the hopes of reducing his twelve-year sentence resulting from his 1985 conviction, Smith testified on behalf of the federal government against Dwyer and Asher at their 1986 trial. Ultimately, Smith did not receive any reduction of his sentence for testifying against Dwyer (although his wife, Judy Smith, was granted immunity from prosecution). Before testifying against Dwyer, Smith passed a polygraph test. Moreover, Smith and Torquato's claims about Dwyer being bribed were corroborated by four independent and impartial witnesses, and Smith's testimony against Dwyer was virtually identical to written statements Smith made long before entering into a plea agreement. Additionally, FBI agents testified that Dwyer attempted to conceal his involvement with the scheme when, after learning of the FBI investigation, he erased the entry in his appointment book of the March 2, 1984, meeting with Torquato and Smith in which he was first offered a bribe. Dwyer maintained that he awarded CTA the contract on the basis of his treasury task force recommendation; this conflicted with the fact that Dwyer personally managed all matters relating to the contract six days prior to awarding it to CTA. Furthermore, his task force's contribution merely consisted in the making of a single telephone call to David I. Herbert (the former State Director for Social Security, who controlled FICA recovery for Pennsylvania's public employees, and who was convicted subsequently for conspiring with CTA). Dwyer awarded the contract to CTA—an obscure California-based company with three employees, little equipment, and little experience—despite being informed in April 1984 by the major Pennsylvania-based accounting company Arthur Young and Associates, which had 250 employees and submitted a proposal on April 13, 1984, at least 14 days prior to CTA's proposal, that they could perform the FICA recovery as fast as CTA for half the cost. Trial and conviction Charles Collins, Arthur Young's former management consulting director in Pittsburgh, testified at Dwyer's trial that Arthur Young and Associates, who, unlike CTA, had experience in identical tax recovery work, was prepared to negotiate the FICA recovery contract (that was half the cost of the CTA contract) and that Dwyer was clearly aware of Arthur Young's offer before committing the contract to CTA. Additionally, 16 other competitors were willing to be considered for the FICA recovery contract and many had communicated with Treasurer Dwyer's office to request an opportunity to bid on the contract, yet Dwyer did not respond. Dwyer repeatedly stated that he awarded the contract to CTA as a result of his task force's recommendation on the basis of CTA's providing "immediate credit", yet the contract between CTA and Dwyer contained no information regarding CTA's ability to provide such credit. Moreover, Dwyer admitted that he did not mention the concept of "immediate credit" to Arthur Young and Associates when officials from the company asked why CTA was chosen instead of them. In this conspiracy, which was investigated by the office of the Pennsylvania Attorney General, Dwyer allegedly siphoned money from his campaign into his personal funds. His sentencing was scheduled for January 23, 1987, to be performed by U.S. District Court Judge Malcolm Muir. One juror, Carolyn Edwards of Williamsport, found it emotionally difficult to convict Dwyer (and Asher) since they were men of "very high integrity ... they just made a mistake", while Dwyer made a statement after the verdict saying "This is a sad and shocking day for me, totally unbelievable, I'm totally innocent of all of these charges and I don't know how this could have happened". Robert B. Asher, Dwyer's co-defendant, was sentenced to one year in jail. Accounting company Levin-Horwath ultimately fulfilled the contract for $1,300,000, with slightly more than a third of the fee possibly being subject to rebate. Had CTA performed the recovery work, Pennsylvania would have lost $6,000,000. and to Senator Arlen Specter seeking assistance with this effort. ==Public suicide==
Public suicide
In a meeting in his home on January 15, 1987, Dwyer discussed the idea of a press conference with his press secretary, James "Duke" Horshock, and Deputy Treasurer, Don Johnson. At the meeting, both Horshock and Johnson cautioned Dwyer not to use the conference to attack the governor, or other individuals involved with his criminal conviction, and both suggested to Dwyer that he should have the conference at a location other than his office. Dwyer angrily rejected their suggestion, but nevertheless assured both men that he would not attack anybody involved with his conviction. He said that he would not announce his resignation at the conference, but rather thank his staff and friends. Both men left assuming Dwyer would ultimately resign at the conference, although Horshock had fears that Dwyer would break his promise. On January 20, Dwyer wrote a letter to then-Senator and future US president Joe Biden and Congressman Peter W. Rodino, who were at the time the chairmen of the Senate Judiciary Committee and the House Judiciary Committee respectively, asking them to conduct an investigation into the CTA affair, to reform the justice system in the United States, and if this was not done, to completely remove the word "justice" from everything related to the DOJ. He then wrote personally to President Ronald Reagan asking for a presidential pardon. In his letter, Dwyer once again professed his innocence and stated that the concept of immediate credit was not understood by the uneducated, unsophisticated "rural" jury at his trial. The senator responded that this request to President Reagan was "not realistic" because the judicial process, including appeals, had not yet finished. On the same day, Dwyer asked his press secretary Horshock and deputy press secretary Gregory Penny to schedule a news conference for the next day without telling them what he was to discuss. Horshock arranged the press conference for 10:30 a.m. EST the next day, January 22. The press secretary summoned dozens of reporters asking them to attend, and told them he did not know its subject. The night before the press conference, Dwyer wrote the following note: "I enjoy being with Jo so much, the next 20 years or so would have been wonderful. Tomorrow is going to be so difficult and I hope I can go through with it." he began reading from a 21-page prepared text, while aides handed a 20-page version to the media. The final page was expected to be his announcement that he would resign from office. Appearing agitated, Dwyer again professed his innocence and accused acting U.S. Attorney James West, FBI agents, U.S. District Court Judge Malcolm Muir, the media and others for abusing the justice system and ruining him. Dwyer spoke out against the death penalty and expressed regret for voting in favor of it while he was in the Pennsylvania assembly. This speech lasted nearly 30 minutes, and approximately halfway through it, some of the gathered press began to pack and leave. Dwyer spotted this and interrupted himself to say, "Those of you who are putting your cameras away, I think you ought to stay because we're not, we're not finished yet." Dwyer continued: At this time, Dwyer stopped reading from his prepared remarks, with the gathered press still waiting on his expected resignation. There was still a significant portion of the prepared text remaining, which detailed what he was actually planning to do, and it read as follows (he did not read these comments to the crowd): After deciding to break from his speech, Dwyer called to three of his staffers, giving each a sealed envelope with the insignia of the treasury department. and suggested funeral arrangements. Reporters David Morris of the Associated Press, Thom Cole of UPI and Gary Warner of afternoon newspaper The Pittsburgh Press were at the rear of the room, waiting for Dwyer to say he had resigned so they could run down the hall to telephones to tell their editors they could publish pre-written stories and add Dwyer's direct quote. When Dwyer produced the revolver, the three ran into the hallway and shouted to a state police kiosk in the center of the long hallway that the treasurer had a gun. Dwyer then killed himself with a single shot through the roof of the mouth. His death was recorded by at least five running news cameras. Dwyer was pronounced dead at 11:31 a.m. By the time his body was recovered, it had been too long since his death for any other organs to be usable. Many television stations throughout Pennsylvania broadcast taped footage of Dwyer's suicide to a midday audience. Philadelphia station WPVI-TV showed Dwyer pulling the trigger and falling backwards, but did not show the bullet path. During the next several hours, news editors had to decide how much of the explicit footage they wanted to broadcast. Many chose not to broadcast the final moments of the suicide and WPVI also chose not to show the gunshot a second time. Many stations, including KYW-TV and WCAU-TV in Philadelphia and KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh, stopped the action just before the gunshot. However, the last two allowed the audio of the shooting to continue with the stopped image. Westinghouse Broadcasting (then-parent of KYW-TV and KDKA-TV) news cameraman William L. Martin and reporter David Sollenberger had a camera set up at the conference; they chose to broadcast the audio with a freeze-frame of the gun in Dwyer's mouth. Only a handful broadcast the unedited press conference. WPVI-TV rebroadcast the suicide footage in full on their 5:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. Action News broadcast without warning the viewers. That station's broadcast is a source for copies available on the Internet. WPXI in Pittsburgh is reported by the Associated Press to have broadcast the footage uncensored on an early newscast. In explaining the decision to broadcast, WPXI operations manager By Williams said, "It's an important event [about] an important man." Williams avoided broadcasting the footage in the evening newscasts, explaining, "Everyone knows by then that [Dwyer] did it. There are children out of school." However, in central Pennsylvania, many children were home from school during the day of Dwyer's suicide due to a snowstorm. The letter Dwyer sent Casey stated, "By the time you receive this letter ... the office of State Treasurer of Pennsylvania will be vacant. I stress to you that I did not resign but was State Treasurer of Pennsylvania to the end." It also stated that Casey "will be the great Governor that Pennsylvania needs at this time in our history." He suggested his wife Joanne as his successor, describing her as "very talented, personable, organized and hard-working." Governor Casey did not accept Dwyer's suggestion. Regardless of the events of January 22, the governor and legislature of Pennsylvania already expected Dwyer to either resign or be dismissed from office. As such, a deal had already been brokered wherein the next treasurer, a Democrat, would serve the remnant of Dwyer's term and resign at its end. This was G. Davis Greene Jr., who was appointed as the 71st Treasurer of Pennsylvania on January 23, 1987, the day after Dwyer's suicide. Prior to Dwyer's suicide, Associated Press photographers would choose between color or black-and-white film to use on assignments, usually reserving color film for important assignments and using black-and-white film on regular assignments. Paul Vathis, an Associated Press photographer who took four photographs of Dwyer's suicide, had believed he was covering a routine assignment and only had black-and-white film. After Dwyer's suicide, the Associated Press switched to using color film on all assignments. State officials' responses to Dwyer's allegations Dwyer's mistrust of the Republican former Governor Dick Thornburgh, who had left office two days prior to Dwyer's suicide, was expressed in detail in his press conference statement. In his final press statement, Dwyer alleged that Governor Thornburgh along with prosecutor James West, engaged in a political vendetta against him, and that FBI agents had acted improperly in their investigation. After Dwyer's public suicide, the National Association of State Treasurers requested that Dwyer's allegations be reviewed by the Department of Justice. After a thorough investigation, the Justice Department's Office of Professional Responsibility exonerated attorney James West and everyone else involved in Dwyer's investigation and prosecution of any wrongdoing. The FBI also investigated Dwyer's claims regarding impropriety on behalf of FBI personnel. They ultimately found Dwyer's claims to be "lacking in substance and specificity" and warranting no further action. In 2010, former U.S. attorney James West, who prosecuted Dwyer, affirmed Dwyer's guilt, stating that "the evidence against Dwyer was overwhelming and indisputable". Dwyer claimed that Governor Thornburgh sought revenge against him due to his prior criticism of Thornburgh's perceived mishandling of state resources. In response, Thornburgh pointed out that prior to their European visit, the Thornburgh family had issued a press release specifically stating that Ginny Thornburgh would pay her own expenses. Upon their return to Pennsylvania, Mrs. Thornburgh "repeatedly requested" the Thornburgh staff to "advise her of the amount" to be reimbursed; however, Dwyer leaked this matter to The Philadelphia Inquirer in an attempt to "enhance his own image by embarrassing" Thornburgh and his family. Regarding the use of the state police, Thornburgh stated that "the security detail provided its services to all members of our household as the officers deemed necessary for our protection. We neither asked for nor questioned these services, which were no different than those provided to our predecessors." Thornburgh spokesman David Runkel dismissed Dwyer's allegations as being "paranoic", as did John Taylor, the former spokesman for Governor Bob Casey. Pennsylvanian journalist and author Brad Bumsted suggested that Dwyer's allegations against Thornburgh may have been an attempt to divert attention from his own criminal activity with CTA. Bumsted also stated that, in Dwyer's final press statement, Dwyer "offered no real evidence" that there was any conspiracy against him. Dwyer's deputy press secretary Gregory Penny, who was handed an envelope by Dwyer at Dwyer's final press conference, stated that he was convinced that Dwyer, whom he had once defended, had been guilty all along, stating: Death benefits Since Dwyer died in office, his widow Joanne collected full survivor benefits totaling more than (equivalent to about $ million in ), which at the time was the largest death benefit payment ever made by the Pennsylvania Municipal Retirement System. If Dwyer had been sentenced, state law would have prohibited the payment of his state-provided pension benefits. A spokesman for Dwyer suggested that he may have killed himself to preserve the pension benefits for his family, whose finances had been ruined by legal defense costs. Other statements made by some friends and family also suggest that this was Dwyer's motivation. ==Aftermath of the case==
Aftermath of the case
On January 27, 1987, Dwyer's lawyers filed an appeal in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania seeking the dismissal of all post-trial motions that were then pending against Dwyer, abatement of Dwyer's conviction and the dismissal of his May 13, 1986, indictment. On March 5, 1987, the district court denied all motions, stating that "there were no grounds whatsoever upon which Mr. Dwyer could hope to succeed upon appeal" and ordered to "close this file as to R. Budd Dwyer". This request was denied in October of the same year. People involved In the years following the case, William Trickett Smith Sr., the main witness against Dwyer, would be convicted in multiple other criminal cases. He was convicted of theft by unlawful taking and deception in 2010, of arson and insurance fraud in 2012, and in 2014 was convicted for a plot to have his son, William Trickett Smith II, extradited from Peru to the United States so he could break him out of prison. Smith II had been convicted of murdering his Peruvian wife. Dwyer's co-defendant, Robert B. Asher, would later serve as a member of the Republican National Committee from Pennsylvania, serving from 1998 to 2020. Asher was slated to be a signatory in the plot to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election in favor of Donald Trump by submitting fake electoral votes, but was replaced before he did. == Conspiracy theories and misinformation regarding Dwyer's guilt ==
Conspiracy theories and misinformation regarding Dwyer's guilt
Following Dwyer’s death, various conspiracy theories alleged that his prosecution was politically motivated or that key witness William Trickett Smith gave false testimony in exchange for leniency. Judicial and academic reviews consistently rejected these claims, concluding that Dwyer’s conviction rested on extensive documentary and testimonial evidence demonstrating his knowing role in the bribery scheme. The 2010 documentary Honest Man: The Life of R. Budd Dwyer revived long‑standing allegations that Smith altered his testimony under government pressure after being offered a plea bargain. Critics have argued that the film omits essential context regarding Smith’s testimony and misrepresents the sequence of events. Smith was tried separately in 1985, one year before Dwyer’s 1986 trial. During his own trial, Smith initially denied offering Dwyer a bribe, claiming instead that his co‑defendant John Torquato Jr. made the offer. However, after prosecutors presented him with prior statements, supporting documents, and the threat of perjury and extended sentencing, including possible charges against his wife, Smith admitted that he had, in fact, offered Dwyer a bribe, which Dwyer knowingly accepted. His testimony at Dwyer’s later trial was consistent with that admission. Court records show that Smith ultimately testified to promising a $300,000 bribe to Dwyer in exchange for awarding a no‑bid contract to CTA. His account was corroborated by other witnesses, audit and procurement records showing irregular contract awards, and electronic evidence from CTA’s data systems. The prosecution’s case did not rely solely on Smith’s word. Expert witnesses identified inflated pricing and manipulated bid specifications, while financial tracings linked intermediary accounts to Dwyer’s associates. Internal correspondence showed Dwyer using his office to conceal procurement irregularities and justify awarding the contract. The Third Circuit Court of Appeals found no evidence of misconduct by the prosecution or false testimony, and upheld the verdict in full. Subsequent reviews by the Department of Justice’s Office of Professional Responsibility and the FBI similarly found no evidence of political interference or investigative impropriety. Contemporary analysts widely described the evidence of guilt as overwhelming. Former U.S. Attorney James West later remarked that “every material fact was corroborated; no element rested solely on the word of a single witness.” ==Electoral history==
In popular culture
Marilyn Manson's debut single "Get Your Gunn" (1994) samples audio of Dwyer's suicide. • The 1995 song "Hey Man Nice Shot" by rock band Filter is about Dwyer's suicide. • The 1999 album Volume 1 by Pennsylvania rock band CKY initially featured an artistic depiction of Dwyer's suicide. When the band later signed with Volcom, the album art was changed as the label found the graphic to be too offensive. • The deathcore band Fit For An Autopsy has a song titled "Thank You Budd Dwyer," written about Dwyer and his suicide on their 2013 album Hellbound. The song criticizes the justice system, believing Dwyer to have been wrongly accused. • The 2006 movie Loren Cass shows footage of Dwyer's suicide, as does the 1993 documentary movie Traces of Death, which includes full footage of Dwyer's suicide in the final segment. • In 2014 rap duo $uicideboy$ used a photograph of the event for their cover of their EP KILL YOURSELF PART 3: The Budd Dwyer Saga. • In 2005, in an episode of Back to Norm, Norm Macdonald staged a dark comedic parody of Dwyer’s death, ending a mock farewell by producing a handgun and cutting to black while a gunshot is heard. ==See also==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com