Paava Mannippu

Aalavandhar is a jeweller who lives with his wife Maragatham and two sons Ramu and Rajan. Out of greed, Aalavandhar kills a fellow jeweller who comes to sell him diamonds. When the police interrogate him, he smartly puts the blame on one of his workers named Manickam Pillai. Manickam lives with his wife and daughter Thangam. His wife, on learning that he is implicated in the murder, dies of shock immediately after delivering a baby girl. A sympathetic neighbour leaves the baby in Maragatham's custody and takes the elder daughter with her. Maragatham hands over the child to their family friend, James. On learning of his wife's death, and before being arrested by the police, Manickam kidnaps Ramu in revenge and leaves him on a railway track to be killed. Before Manickam changes his mind and decides to rescue him, a local Muslim doctor saves the child and takes him away. All four children grow up: Aalavandhar's son Rajan, Ramu as Raheem in the doctor's house, Manickam's first daughter as Thangam in the neighbour's house, and his second daughter as Mary in James' house. Rajan falls in love with Thangam while Raheem likes Mary. The two women reciprocate their feelings. Aalavandhar continues to indulge in illegal activities. Raheem, who has taken up his foster father's profession, protects the people living in a nearby slum area and fights for their rights. Though the slum does not belong to Aalavandhar, he claims it is his property, and plans to sell it for his own personal gain. Raheem and Aalavandhar often argue over this issue. Aalavandhar is also keen to get Mary married to Rajan so that he can inherit James' property. On learning of Raheem's love for Mary, Aalavandhar pours acid on his face while he is asleep to get rid of him. Though Raheem survives, his face is disfigured. Nevertheless, Mary continues to love him. On hearing of this, Aalavandhar implicates Raheem in a false charge of theft and an attempt to murder him; Raheem is arrested. While he is in jail, Aalavandhar has the slum vacated. In the meantime, Manickam—who has served time in prison for the murder Aalavandhar committed—is released from jail for good behaviour and joins James as a driver to be with Mary. Rajan becomes a police officer and soon learns of his father's illegal activities. After having a frustrating argument with Aalavandhar, Rajan resigns his job as he does not wish to take action against his father. Raheem is soon released on bail and plans to get Rajan and Thangam married. Aalavandhar learns of this and, in a fit of rage, locks Raheem in a hut and sets it on fire. When Manickam learns of the conflict between Aalavandhar and Raheem, he reveals to Maragatham that Raheem is her son Ramu, whom he kidnapped. All of them rush to save Raheem. When Aalavandhar learns the truth about Raheem, he immediately realises his mistakes and saves him. Aalavandhar then confesses his wrongdoings to the police and is arrested. All the family members unite and propagate religious harmony. == Cast ==

;Actors • Sivaji Ganesan as Ramu / Raheem • Gemini Ganesan as Rajan • M. R. Radha as Aalavandhar • V. Nagayya as the Muslim doctor • T. S. Balaiah as Manickam Pillai • S. V. Subbaiah as James • Kothamangalam Subbu as the ayurvedic doctor • S. Rama Rao as Aalavandhar's sidekick ;Actresses • Savitri as Thangam • Devika as Mary • M. V. Rajamma as Maragatham == Production ==

Development The idea for Paava Mannippu came to A. Bhimsingh based on a story narrated to him by J. P. Chandrababu involving a man who was born a Hindu, raised as a Muslim, and marries a Christian woman. Bhimsingh was impressed with Chandrababu's story and decided to direct a film based on it, in addition to producing it under his banner Buddha Pictures. The project was titled Abdullah. Bhimsingh initially filmed of test footage with scenes featuring Chandrababu as the protagonist. Chandrababu was not credited for the original story. M. S. Solaimalai wrote the dialogues. The role of the diamond merchant Aalavandhar's (M. R. Radha) wife Maragatham was initially offered to P. Kannamba, but because of her poor health at the time, Bhimsingh cast M. V. Rajamma instead. Kothamangalam Subbu was cast as an ayurvedic doctor, and Paava Mannippu was his final film as an actor. Principal photography began with a puja ceremony held at AVM Studios on 20 January 1960. The final length of the film was . == Themes ==

Paava Mannippu revolves around the subject of religious tolerance and communal harmony. == Music ==

The soundtrack and score were composed by the duo Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy (M. S. Viswanathan and T. K. Ramamoorthy) while the lyrics for the songs were written by Kannadasan. The songs were recorded on 45 RPM records made by The Gramophone Company of India Ltd, under whose label the soundtrack was also released. The violin parts for the song "Vantha Naal Muthal", which is based on the Mohanam raga, Kannadasan acknowledged Jeyaraj, an artist in Chennai, as the inspiration behind the lyrics "Kalaigalile aval ovyiam" in the song "Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham". The soundtrack received critical acclaim, with "Aththan Ennaththan", "Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham", "Paal Irukkum Pazham Irukkum" and "Vantha Naal Muthal" becoming hits. The soundtrack was particularly popular in Sri Lanka, where the songs were frequently broadcast on Radio Ceylon. Film historian Randor Guy believed that Kannadasan's lyrics and Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy's music contributed significantly to the film's success. "Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham" provided a much-needed breakthrough for P. B. Sreenivas as a playback singer. Bhimsingh and Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy convinced Meiyappan to let Sreenivas render the song instead of Gemini Ganesan's usual playback singer A. M. Rajah. The news organisation Firstpost included "Aththan Ennaththan" as one of "five great Tamil songs from 'Mellisai Mannar' MSV". A remix version of "Vantha Naal Muthal" is featured on music artist M. Rafi's album Aasaiyae Alaipolae. The song "Ellorum Kondaduvom", sung by Soundararajan and Nagore E. M. Hanifa, is aired on DD Chennai every Eid al-Fitr to commemorate the Islamic festival. It also established Hanifa as a singer of devotional Muslim songs. == Marketing ==

To promote the film, a giant-sized Hydrogen-filled balloon, imported from Japan, was hoisted above the Shanthi theatre. However, AVM Productions faced legal issues regarding the use of the balloon. It received separate notices – one directly from the Chennai International Airport authorities and the other from its explosives division – to procure permission to use hydrogen cylinders to fly the balloon. Meiyappan managed to resolve the issue by obtaining permission from the authorities. A total of 400,000 people participated in the contest and the winner was a girl named Bhanumati. == Release ==

After originally being scheduled for a February 1961 release, Paava Mannippu was released on 16 March 1961. Despite being dubbed into Telugu as Paapa Pariharam, released in the same year, it was remade by Bhimsingh in the same language as Oke Kutumbham (1970). == Reception ==

Paava Mannippu was praised for Bhimsingh's screenplay and direction, and the performances of the lead cast, especially that of M. R. Radha. Kanthan of Kalki wrote that though there was nothing special about the story, the performances of the cast made the film worth watching. Paava Mannippu was the first Tamil film that singers/sisters Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle saw. The two watched it at the Aurora theatre in Mumbai. The sisters were so impressed by Ganesan's performance as Raheem that they found themselves crying during the intermission stage even though neither of them understood Tamil. After the show, they called on Ganesan and each tied a Rakhi around his right wrist, thereby embracing him as their brother. The sisters then asked Ganesan and Meiyappan for a 16 mm print of Paava Mannippu for themselves to keep as a memento; Ganesan and Meiyappan agreed. == Legacy ==

Paava Mannippu was one of Bhimsingh's many successful films in the Pa series and achieved cult status in Tamil cinema. Sivaji Ganesan mentioned in his autobiography that Bhimsingh hardly imagined that he would make a series of films that began with the letter Pa, implying that he "might have thought about it at first because his name starts with the same letter in Tamil. Later he might have decided to stay on with this letter for sentimental reasons." Rajadhyaksha and Willemen claimed that with this film, Bhimsingh established himself "as the main purveyor of moralising all-star movies in the 60s." Historian Kumuthan Maderya noted that Shankar Salim Simon (1978) adopted elements from Paava Mannippu, namely "lost-and-found family members, inter-religious romance, and communal harmony". == In popular culture ==

Paava Mannippu was referenced and parodied in various other films. In Moodu Pani (1980), Chandru (Pratap Pothen) and Rekha (Shoba) attend a screening of the film. When Goundamani and Senthil try to teach music to a Muslim butcher in Themmangu Paattukaaran (1997), the butcher sings the song "Paal Irukkum Pazham Irukkum" in a discordant manner, much to the duo's chagrin. In both Kakkai Siraginilae (2000), and Arul (2004), Vadivelu sings the song "Vantha Naal Muthal" while riding a bicycle. Vadivelu and Nassar sing the beginning portion of "Paal Irukkum Pazhamirukkum" in Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai (2000). In Panchatanthiram (2002) Ramachandramurthy (Kamal Haasan) mentions the words "Silar Siripar Silar Azhuvar" when his friend's father-in-law, Parthasarathy (Nagesh) enquires about Ramachandramurthy's wife, Mythili (Simran). In King (2002), Vadivelu, who plays an aspiring film director, makes fun of Raja (Vikram) by saying "Pasi Irukkum. Pazham Irukkum. Paal Irukkadho?" (There will be hunger. There will be a fruit. Won't there be milk?) when the latter does not have milk to drink. Raja then takes an empty cup and miraculously drinks Vadivelu's cup of milk from his own empty cup. In retaliation for Vadivelu's couplet, he says "Paal Irukkum. Pazham Irukkum. Kudikka Mudiyadhu." (There will be milk. There will be a fruit. They can't be drunk). "Vantha Naal Muthal" is also played right before Kaali's (Rajinikanth) introduction scene in Petta (2019). == Notes ==