Yellow card A
yellow card is used in many sporting codes. Its meaning differs among sports; however, it most commonly indicates a caution given to a player regarding their conduct, or indicates a temporary suspension. Examples include:
Association football In
association football, a yellow card is shown by the
referee to indicate that a player has been officially cautioned. The player's details are then recorded by the referee in a small notebook; hence a caution is also known as a "booking". A player who has been cautioned may continue playing in the game; however, a player who receives a second caution in a match is sent off (shown the
yellow card again, and then a
red card), meaning that they must leave the field immediately and take no further part in the game. The player may not be replaced by a substitute. Law 12 of the
Laws of the Game (which are set by the
International Football Association Board and used by
FIFA) lists the
types of offences and misconduct that may result in a caution or is cautionary. Law 12 was amended in 2019 to allow team officials, such as head coaches, to also receive yellow and red cards. (in red) is shown the yellow cardIn most tournaments, the accumulation of a certain number of yellow cards over several matches results in disqualification of the offending player for a certain number of subsequent matches, the exact number of cards and matches varying by jurisdiction.
Athletics In
track events, a yellow card is used as a personal warning in both track and field events used to indicate that a second yellow card followed by a red card would result in a disqualification.
World Athletics rules have abolished false start warnings; false starts now result in immediate disqualification except in combined events where a diagonal yellow/black card indicates a warning for false start. However, as of 2012, the false start rule is that an athlete's hands must leave the track or their feet must leave the
starting blocks before the gunshot in order for a false start to be given. Therefore, if an athlete makes a twitch, while being in their final 'set' position, the maximum penalty is a yellow card.
Australian football In
Australian rules football, a yellow card is issued against a player for committing any reportable offence (such as striking an opponent, swearing at an official, amongst others), except those listed as 'serious' reportable offences. Any player issued a yellow card is unable to participate in the game for the length of a quarter of play, excluding breaks, although the player can be replaced. However, a yellow card may be issued against a player at the discretion of an umpire, despite the player not committing a reportable offence. Yellow cards and red cards are, however, not issued in the
Australian Football League, the highest level of play in Australian rules football.
Badminton In
badminton, a yellow card is given to a singles player or doubles pair as a warning for breaching the Laws of Badminton. A yellow card can only be given once to a player or pair in a match; subsequent breaches are sanctioned with a red or black card.
Bandy In
bandy, a yellow card indicates a warning given to an entire team for technical fouls such as errors in the execution of goal-throws or free strokes, or the obstruction of a player without ball. Subsequent technical fouls by the same team result in a five-minute penalty indicated by a
white card.
Canoe polo In
canoe polo, a yellow card indicates a player has received a two-minute temporary suspension. A yellow card can be awarded for a deliberate or dangerous foul that prevents the scoring of a near certain goal, dangerous illegal play that is deliberate or repeated, foul or abusive language, continuously disputing a referee's decisions or receiving a third green card for any reason.
Equestrian sports In
equestrian sports, yellow cards may be issued during
FEI sanctioned events for abuse of a horse or incorrect behavior towards an official. Abuse of the horse may include riding an obviously lame horse, riding an exhausted horse, excessive use of
whip or
spurs, and dangerous riding. Riders may choose not to accept issued cards, but doing so may lead to a disciplinary hearing. A rider receiving a yellow card can be disqualified from the event and subsequently fined or suspended. In some cases, an annulment of any hit scored by the fencer at fault may also occur. Yellow cards are awarded for "Tier 1" offenses, such as turning your back to your opponent, covering target area (most common in Foil), leaving the piste without permission, or refusing to obey the referee. A yellow card can also be awarded when, at the first call by the referee, a fencer does not present himself on the piste ready to fence. Any person not on the piste who disturbs the good order of the competition may also receive a yellow card on the first infringement. It is possible for a player to receive two yellow cards for different offences during the same match; however, the period of suspension must be significantly longer with each yellow card. When an offence for which a yellow card has been awarded is repeated, the yellow card must not be used again and a more severe penalty must be awarded. There must also be a clear difference between the duration of a yellow card suspension for a minor offence and the duration for a major offence. The yellow card can be shown to a specific player or to the captain for misconduct by the entire team.
Handball A yellow card in
handball indicates a warning and can be given to a player or team official for
unsportsmanlike conduct, or to a player whose actions are mainly or exclusively directed at the opponent and not at the ball.
IHF rules also allow referees to use discretion to award a yellow card outside of these situations.
Lacrosse Yellow cards are used in
women's lacrosse to denote flagrant misconduct or use of illegal equipment. A player receiving a yellow card must serve a two minute temporary suspension, during which time their team plays a player down. Yellow cards can either be releasable (where the team returns to full numerical strength should they concede a goal) or non-releasable (where the full two minutes must be served), depending on the infraction. All yellow card fouls are automatically non-releasable should a team accumulate four or more yellow card offenses in a single game.
Loofball In
loofball,
misconduct attracts either a verbal warning, a yellow or red card. While a verbal warning carries no penalty, a yellow card carries a point penalty and a red card carries both a point penalty and disqualification. A player usually gets sanctioned in the following order: first misconduct = verbal warning, second misconduct = yellow card + point to the opposition, third misconduct = red card + point to the opposition + disqualification.
Mixed martial arts •
Mixed martial arts promotions
PRIDE (defunct),
DEEP, and
ZST: A warning, the third leads to disqualification.
Pedagogics Following team sports, the concept of “yellow card” began to be experimentally used in
pedagogy, as a temporary point restriction by the
teacher of individual students, due to their unsatisfactory behavior, in the right to receive “prearranged points” in lesson.
Racewalking A yellow card in
racewalking indicates a competitor's foot fails to be on the ground when the rear leg is being raised, or the front leg is not straightened when it makes contact with the ground.
Rugby league Yellow cards in
rugby league indicate a 10-minute
sin bin. In the UK's
Super League a physical yellow card is used, however in Australia's
National Rugby League referees indicating a sin bin by raising both arms straight out with fingers spread (to indicate 10 minutes).
Rugby union In
rugby sevens, any player who commits an offence under
World Rugby Law 9 – Foul Play may be shown a yellow card and suspended from the game for 2 minutes without replacement. Offences include obstruction, unfair play, repeated infringements, dangerous play and misconduct which is prejudicial to the game. Receiving a yellow card is known colloquially as being sent to the "sin bin". If that player later commits another yellow-card offence, the player will be shown a red card (see below) and be
sent off. Under
World Rugby Laws, any
rugby union player who commits an offence under Law 9 – Foul Play may be shown a yellow card and suspended from the game for 10 minutes; the player cannot be replaced during that time. Offences include obstruction, unfair play, repeated infringements, dangerous play and misconduct which is prejudicial to the game. Receiving a yellow card is known colloquially as being sent to the "sin bin". Players receiving a second yellow card in a game will also be shown a red card (see below) and will be
sent off and unable to take part in the remainder of the match.
Table tennis Under
ITTF regulations, a yellow card is shown by the umpire to warn the player if they misbehave. If the player commits a second offence, one point is awarded to the opponent and two points for further offence, each time with a yellow and a red card together shown by the umpire. A yellow card can also be shown to an authorized advisor if they give advice illegally.
Volleyball Under FIVB rules, receiving a yellow card is the second stage of a formal warning for a player(s)/coach for minor misconduct, the first being a verbal one given through the team captain. It is recorded on the scoresheet but has no immediate consequences; there is no loss of service (if applicable) and no point awarded to the opposition. It is shown together with a red card (in one hand) where a player(s)/coach is sanctioned with expulsion, and (with a card in each hand) separately with a red card where a player(s)/coach is sanctioned with disqualification, all such offences are recorded on the scoresheet.
Water polo Yellow cards are given in
water polo as an official warning for disrespectful conduct from the coach, individual players, or the entire bench.
Wrestling In Germany, Austria, and
Calgary, Canada, yellow cards were traditionally given for a first or second severe infraction of the rules in
wrestling.
Red card A
red card is used in several sporting codes. Its meaning differs among sports, but it most commonly indicates a serious offence and often results in a player being permanently suspended from the game (commonly known as an
ejection, dismissal, disqualification, expulsion, removal, or sending-off). In many sports the ejected player's team cannot replace them and thus must continue the rest of the game with one less player, which may be a significant disadvantage. Examples include:
Association football In
association football, a red card is shown by a
referee to signify that a player has been sent off.
Fencing In
fencing, a red card is used to indicate that a fencer has committed an offence that warrants a penalty hit to be awarded to the opponent.
Racewalking In
racewalking, a red card indicates that a competitor's foot failed to be on the ground when the rear leg is being raised or that his front leg is not straightened when it makes contact with the ground. A judge would issue a yellow card for the first infraction committed by a competitor. And if the same judge detects the second infraction from the same competitor, a red card is issued. Three red cards, from three different judges, will result in a competitor's disqualification.
Rugby league • In
Rugby league a red cards signals a player's sending off with no replacement permitted. In the UK's
Super League a physical red card is used, however in Australia's
National Rugby League referees usually indicate a player sending off with one extended arm above the head with the index finger pointed in the direction of a sideline. Multiple yellow cards do not necessarily equal a red card, it is instead up to the referee's discretion at how bad the offenses are, and in these cases, a red card may be shown for a second yellow card offense without the referee presenting the second yellow card first.
Rugby union • In
Rugby union a red card is used to indicate that a player has been sent off and can take no further part in the game. Traditionally, the player could not be replaced, leaving their team with one less player for the remainder of the game, although in certain cases, a player sent off may be replaced with a substitute after twenty minutes. During matches, a player who commits an offense under Law 9 – Foul Play may be shown a red card. Red cards are normally issued for serious offenses, e.g. tackling an opponent above the line of their shoulders. Any player receiving a second yellow card in a game will automatically be shown a red card.
Volleyball • In
volleyball, a red card can be issued by the referee for the first instance of Rude Conduct. It is recorded on the scoresheet and results in loss of service (if applicable) and a penalty point to the opposition. Rude Conduct is the only category of sanction punished by a Red card alone, and which results in loss of service (if applicable) and a penalty point. For the sanctions of Expulsion and Disqualification, a Red and Yellow card is shown simultaneously, held together in one hand, or separately in each hand, respectively. •
Two Man (beach): The rules vary in one aspect from the six-a-side competition. A red card is shown for the first and any second offense of Rude Conduct in the same set. It is recorded on the scoresheet, resulting in loss of service (if applicable) and a penalty point to the opposition. Otherwise the procedural use of cards is the same as for six-a-side.
Water polo In
water polo, a red card is issued to a coach, player, or team official on the bench for a second incident of misconduct after receiving a yellow card or severe unsporting conduct. A person receiving a red card must leave the competition area.
Wrestling In the same territories as listed above under yellow cards, red cards were traditionally given for a third severe infraction of the rules, signifying disqualification.
Table tennis Under
ITTF regulations, if after a warning the player misbehaves again, the umpire will show him or her a yellow card and a red card together and award one point to the opponent for the second offence and two for the third one. In case a player commits a serious offence or continues to misbehave after 3 points are awarded to the opponent for misbehavior, the umpire will suspend play and report to the referee, who has the power to disqualify the player from the match, showing a red card. The umpire can show a red card to an authorised advisor and ask them to leave the playing area if they give illegal advice after a warning had been given. ==Other types of penalty card==