PlayStation VR

Sony's interest in head-mounted display technology dates back to the 1990s. Its first commercial unit, the Glasstron, was released in 1997. One application of this technology was in the game MechWarrior 2, which permitted users of the Glasstron or Virtual I/O's to adopt a visual perspective from inside the cockpit of the craft, using their own eyes as visual and seeing the battlefield through their craft's own cockpit. The PlayStation VR was code named Project Morpheus during development. In early 2014, Sony Interactive Entertainment research and development engineer Anton Mikhailov said his team had been working on Project Morpheus for more than three years. According to Mikhailov, the PlayStation 3 Move peripheral, itself revealed in June 2009, was designed with unspecified, future head-mounted technology in mind. "We specced it and built it to be a VR controller, even though VR wasn't a commodity. As engineers, we just said it was the right thing to do. At the time, we didn't have a consumer-grade project that we could work on, but it was definitely designed with that vision in mind." Shuhei Yoshida, the president of Sony's worldwide studios, also said the project started as "grassroots" activity among engineers and programmers, which came into focus in 2010 once the Move controller had been released. Sony also went on record to say it is mandatory for all games to have no less than 60 frames per second at all times. Project Morpheus was first announced at The 2014 Game Developers Conference. SIE Worldwide Studios president Shuhei Yoshida introduced the device on March 18, 2014, and stated Project Morpheus was "the next innovation from PlayStation that will [shape] the future of games." On September 15, 2015, it was announced that Project Morpheus would be officially named PlayStation VR. Later in 2015, Sony acquired SoftKinetic, a tech startup whose focus includes visual depth-sensing gesture recognition, for an undisclosed amount. On October 13, 2016, Sony released the PlayStation VR with the price of $399 in the US, €399 in Europe, £349 in the UK, and ¥44,980 in Japan. On April 16, 2019, Mark Cerny confirmed that the PlayStation VR would be compatible with the PlayStation 5. This is in addition to new PlayStation VR hardware to be designed for the PlayStation 5 that Sony plans to release after 2021. This was announced as the PlayStation VR2 at the 2022 Consumer Electronics Show. ==Hardware==

The prototype revealed at GDC'15 included an OLED 1920 × 1080 pixel display (providing 960 × 1080 pixels resolution per eye) with an RGB subpixel matrix, and is capable of displaying content at 120fps. In September 2015, it was revealed the headset would have three rendering modes for developers to choose from: native 90 Hz, native 120 Hz, and a mode where gameplay running at 60 Hz would be displayed at 120 Hz using a motion interpolation technique called asynchronous reprojection. The installation requires several cables. The HDMI cable that previously connected the console to the TV goes within the processor unit, which connects to the TV with a second HDMI cable. Then it requires a power cable, and a Micro USB cable to the console. Finally, the connection to the glasses are via a double cable, being one a HDMI cable and the other a proprietary cable. Close to the headset (sitting at chest height when someone is wearing it) is a small box with the power button, microphone, volume controls and headphone jack. Finally, the PlayStation Camera (CUH-ZEY1) connects to the appropriate proprietary port. The first model, model CUH-ZVR1, does not support HDR video pass through. Hardware revision On November 10, 2017, Sony released the CUH-ZVR2 model of the PlayStation VR which included minor changes, like a slimmer, more streamlined connection cable with different connectors from the CUH-ZVR1 model, and integrated stereo headphones. The cable features no buttons, which now sit at the bottom of the headset, while the headphone jack is located behind it. The newer processor unit also supports HDR video pass through. It also comes with a second version of PlayStation Camera (CUH-ZEY2), which has a cilindrical shape. The second revision is not compatible with the first, meaning you can't use a V1 headset with a V2 processor unit, or vice versa. PlayStation VR Aim Controller The Aim Controller is an optional, abstractly-shaped light gun-like peripheral that was bundled with Farpoint and also sold separately for US$59.99. It is also compatible with a limited selection of VR shooter games, and mimics the feel of a gun more closely than a traditional gamepad. It has all the functions of a Dualshock controller, and, unlike the PS3-era Sharp Shooter accessory, does not require a PlayStation Move controller to be slotted in. It was praised by IGN as "a must-have for VR shooter fans on PlayStation". On the front handle (closer to the user) it features the standard DualShock action buttons (, , , ), positioned around a clickable analog stick. On the back of the front handle there is a trigger, and on the top of the gun there is a PlayStation button, an extra button and two small R1 buttons, one on either side. The back handle (away from the user) features on the front a directional pad, another clickable analog stick and the share and options buttons, with two extra buttons on the back, L1 and L2. It's model number is CECHYA-ZRA2 and it features a 3V, 800mA battery. ==Games and content==

In March 2016, Sony said there were 230 developers actively working on content for PlayStation VR, with 50 titles available by the end of the year. Existing, non-VR games can be played within PlayStation VR via "Cinematic Mode", which renders the content on a simulated projection screen in a 3D space. The mode has three screen size options, ranging up to 226 inches (18.8 ft) in virtual size. PlayStation VR also supports the display of 360-degree photos and video. Other features, such as Share Play and Live from PlayStation, are also compatible within the headset. It can also be used to watch 3D movies on Blu-ray 3D. Use with PlayStation 5 The PlayStation VR is compatible with the PlayStation 5 via backward compatibility using a USB to PlayStation Camera adapter that was shipped for free by Sony to anyone who has previously purchased the PS VR. This option was available until November 26, 2024, and currently the adapter can only be found by third-party vendors. There are currently no PlayStation 5 games announced that support it; if a PS VR supported game also has a PlayStation 5 version available, the PlayStation 4 version has to be installed instead via backward compatibility to be able to play in virtual reality. The PlayStation 5 HD Camera is not compatible with PlayStation VR, thus the PlayStation Camera from PlayStation 4 needs to be used. Both the regular PlayStation Move Motion Controller and the VR Aim Controller are supported in PlayStation 5. ==Marketing==

Prior to release, Sony predicted that interest in the headset would build steadily over time, through word of mouth. PlayStation VR was first demonstrated on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, and as a playable concept during E3 2014. The device was also featured at Sony's PlayStation Experience Expo in Las Vegas in December 2014. Sony announced new information regarding Project Morpheus at the 2015 Game Developers Conference, in line with the official schedule posted on their website and released updated specifications. In an interview with Nikkei Japan in March 2016, Sony indicated the possibility of enabling use of the PlayStation VR in connection with a PC. This would allow the device to work with platforms extending further than the PlayStation 4. ==Reception==

Reviews from most publications were positive; critics praised the PS VR's physical design, ease of use, and availability. Compared to other headsets that require high-end computers, the PlayStation VR only required a PS4. Most criticism was aimed at the system's performance, noting the PS4 offers less compute power than the high-end PCs required to run "PCVR" games, even though it offers "near to PC-quality performance". Sales As of February 19, 2017, PlayStation VR had sold over 915,000 units. Andrew House, the President and Global CEO of Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE), the company behind the PlayStation VR, stated that the sales of the VR were far beyond expectations. On June 5, 2017, the number of PlayStation VR units sold had passed 1 million. Sony announced that the PlayStation VR had sold over 2 million units and 12.2 million games on December 3, 2017. Sony announced that PlayStation VR had sold-through more than 3 million units and 21.9 million games worldwide as of August 16, 2018, with the PlayStation VR sold-through number increasing to 4.2 million as of March 3, 2019. , PlayStation VR has sold-through 5 million units. ==See also==