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Polk County, Texas

Polk County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 50,123. Its county seat is Livingston. The county is named after President James K. Polk. The Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation of the federally recognized tribe is in Polk County, where the people have been since the early 19th century. They were forcibly evicted by the federal government from their traditional territory in the Southeast. The 2000 census reported a resident population of 480 persons on the reservation. The tribe reports 1,100 enrolled members. The Tribe also has a casino named Naskila.

History
Polk County, named for James Knox Polk of Tennessee, President of the United States, was created by an act of the first Legislature of the State of Texas, approved on March 30, 1846, out of Liberty County, and embraced that portion from the part designated as the "Northern Division" of said county. It was one of the first of a series of 23 counties, formulated, constituted, and established by the State of Texas, after annexation to the United States. ==Demographics==
Demographics
Racial and ethnic composition 2020 census As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 50,123. The median age was 47.7 years. 18.9% of residents were under the age of 18 and 24.1% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 111.7 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 113.0 males age 18 and over. The racial makeup of the county was 72.5% White, 9.8% Black or African American, 2.0% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.7% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 7.6% from some other race, and 7.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 14.7% of the population. There were 18,969 households in the county, of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 51.0% were married-couple households, 18.8% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 24.5% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. of 2000, 41,133 people, 15,119 households, and 10,915 families were residing in the county. The population density was . The 21,177 housing units averaged . The racial makeup of the county was 79.64% White, 13.17% African American, 1.74% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 3.75% from other races, and 1.32% from two or more races. About 9.39% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 15,119 households, 28.8% had children under 18 living with them, 57.9% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were not families. About 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.50, and the average family size was 2.95. In the county, the age distribution was 22.9% under 18, 8.10% from 18 to 24, 26.80% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 18.00% who were 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.70 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 109.50 males. The median income for a household in the county was $30,495, and for a family was $35,957. Males had a median income of $30,823 versus $21,065 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,834. About 13.3% of families and 17.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.1% of those under age 18 and 12.3% of those 65 or over. ==Geography==
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which (4.7%) are covered by water. Adjacent countiesAngelina County (north) • Tyler County (east) • Hardin County (southeast) • Liberty County (south) • San Jacinto County (southwest) • Trinity County (northwest) National protected areaBig Thicket National Preserve (part) ==Education==
Education
School districts: • Big Sandy Independent School DistrictChester Independent School DistrictCorrigan-Camden Independent School DistrictGoodrich Independent School DistrictLeggett Independent School DistrictLivingston Independent School DistrictOnalaska Independent School DistrictWoodville Independent School District The county is in the district for Angelina College. Polk County College / Commerce Center was completed in 2013 and is located on the U.S. Highway 59 Bypass. Angelina College offers advanced curriculum study and technical training at this location. The facility provides public auditorium space and may be used as a mass shelter in a disaster event. ==Government==
Infrastructure
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice Allan B. Polunsky Unit is located in West Livingston. This has been the location of the Texas men's death row since 1999. ==Transportation==
Transportation
Major highwaysU.S. Highway 59Interstate 69 is currently under construction and will eventually follow the current route of U.S. 59 throughout most of Polk County. • U.S. Highway 190U.S. Highway 287State Highway 146Farm to Market Road 350Farm to Market Road 356Farm to Market Road 357Farm to Market Road 942Farm to Market Road 943Farm to Market Road 1745 Mass transportation Greyhound Lines operates the Livingston Station at the Super Stop Food Mart in Livingston. Airport West Livingston has the Livingston Municipal Airport, operated by the City of Livingston. ==Communities==
Communities
CitiesGoodrichOnalaskaSeven Oaks TownsCorriganLivingston (county seat) Census-designated placesBig Thicket Lake Estates (partly in Liberty County) • Cedar PointIndian SpringsPleasant HillWest Livingston Unincorporated communitiesAceAsiaBarnumBlanchardCamdenDallardsvilleEast TempeIsraelLeggettMoscow Ghost townLaurelia ==Notable people==
Notable people
Percy Foreman - notable criminal defense attorney • John Wesley Hardin - Old West gunslingerWilliam P. Hobby - Governor of Texas, publisher of Houston PostSam Houston, general of the revolution to achieve independence and President of the Republic of Texas, spent much time in Polk County, including making peace treaties with the Alabama-Coushata Indians. • Margo Jones - stage director who launched the careers of Tennessee Williams and Ray Walston and directed Williams' The Glass Menagerie on BroadwayRené-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, noted French explorer of the 17th century, was likely killed in Polk County. • Sally Mayes was a Broadway actress and singer. Livingston named a street in her honor. • Mark Moseley, professional football player, won Super Bowl XVII and was awarded 1982 MVP as a placekicker. • Moon Mullican - musician, "King of the Hillbilly Piano Players" • Captain (Ike) Isaac Newton Moreland Turner was a Confederate captain who joined the Civil War from Polk County, with units called the Texas Brigade; his remains were returned here from Georgia and were reinterred in his family cemetery on April 15, 1995. • Annette Gordon-Reed (born November 19, 1958, in Livingston, Texas) is an American historian, Pulitzer Prize-winning author, and law professor noted for changing scholarship on Thomas Jefferson regarding his relationship with Sally Hemings and her children. ==Politics==
Politics
United States Congress ==See also==
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