MarketGlossary of Buddhism
Company Profile

Glossary of Buddhism

Some Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term. Below are given a number of important Buddhist terms, short definitions, and the languages in which they appear. In this list, an attempt has been made to organize terms by their original form and give translations and synonyms in other languages along with the definition.

A
}) • Thai: อภิธรรมปิฎก a-pi-tam-pi-dok • 論藏, 論蔵 • Cn: Lùnzàng • Jp: Ronzō • Ko: 논장, Nonjang • Vi: Luận tạng, Tạng luận, tạng thứ ba trong ba tạng là kinh, luật và luận • Mn: Илт ном, Ilt nom • Sanskrit: Abhiniṣkramaṇasūtra • 佛本行集經 • Pāli: ācariya • Sanskrit: ācārya • Bur: saya () • Shan: atsariya () • Thai: อาจารย์ ajahn • 阿闍梨 or 阿闍梨耶 • Cn: āshélí or āshélíyē • Jp: ajari or ajariya • Ko: 아사리, asari or 아사리야 asariya • Vi: a-xà-lê or a-xà-lê-da or giáo thọ sư • Sanskrit: Adbhutadharmaparyāyasūtra, • 甚稀有經 or 未曾有經 • Cn: Shen xiyou jing • 證法 • Pāli: '''' • Sanskrit: अधिष्ठान • Bur: () • Thai: อธิษฐาน ah-tid-taan • 決心 or 決意 • Cn: Juéxīn, juéyì • Jp: kesshin • Ko: 결심, gyeolsim or 결의, gyeolui • Vi: nguyện lực • Sanskrit: Āgama • Pāli: Āgama (but usually called Nikāya) • 阿含 • Cn: Āhán • Jp: Agon • Ko: 아함, Aham • Vi: A-hàm • Sanskrit: Āgamadharma • 教法 • Sanskrit: ahiṃsā • Pāli: ahiṃsā • Thai: อหิงสา 'ah-hing-sa' • 不害 • Cn: bù hài • Jp: fugai • Ko: 불해, bulhae • Vi: bất hại • Sanskrit: Akṣobhya • Mn: ; Үл Хөдлөгч, Хөдөлшгүй; • 阿閦如來 • Cn: Āchùrúlái • Jp: Ashuku Nyorai • Vi: A-súc Như Lai Ködelüsi ügei, Ülü hödelügci • Sanskrit: akuśalakarmapatha • Sanskrit: ālayavijñāna • Tib: kun gzhi rnam par shes pa • 阿賴耶識, 阿頼耶識 • Cn: ālàiyēshí • Jp: araya-shiki • Ko: 아뢰야식, aroeyasik • Vi: a-lại-da thức • Sanskrit: amitābha (lit. "limitless light") and amitāyus (lit. "limitless life") • 阿彌陀 or 阿彌陀佛, 阿弥陀 or 阿弥陀仏 • Cn: Ēmítuó or Ēmítuó fó • Jp: Amida or Amida-butsu • Ko: 아미타, Amita or 아미타불, Amitabul • Tw: O͘-mí-tô͘-hu̍t • Vi: A-Di-Đà, A-Di-Đà Phật, or Phật A-Di-Đà • Tib: • Mn: ;Аминдаваа, Цаглашгүй гэрэлт;Amindava, Tsaglasi ügei gereltü • Sanskrit: Amitābhasūtra • 阿彌陀經 • Sanskrit: Amoghasiddhi • Tib: Dön yö drub pa • Mn: ;Төгс Нөгчигсөн, Үйл Бүтээгч;Tegüs nögcigsen, Üyile Bütügegci • Pāli: anāgarika • Thai: อนาคาริก a-na-ka-rik • Pāli: ānāpānasati • Sanskrit: ānāpānasmṛti • Bur: anapana () • Pāli: anattā • Sanskrit: anātman • Bur: anatta () • Shan: () • 無我 • Cn: wúwǒ • Jp: muga • Ko: 무아, mua • Tw: bû-ngó͘ • Vi: vô ngã • Pāli: anicca • Sanskrit: anitya • Mn: Мөнх бус • Bur: aneissa () • Shan: () • Thai: อนิจจา anijja • 無常 • Cn: wúcháng • Jp: mujō • Ko: 무상, musang • Tw: bû-siông • Vi: vô thường • Pāli: anuttara • Sanskrit: anuttara • 阿耨多羅/阿耨多罗 (無上/无上) • Cn: Ānòuduōluó ("wǔshàng") • Jp: anokutara • Ko: 아뇩다라, anyokdara • Vi: A-nậu-đà-la (vô thượng) • Pāli: • Sanskrit: • Khmer: អនុត្តរសម្មាសម្ពោធិ • Tib:, • 阿耨多罗三藐三菩提 (or 無上正等正覺) • Cn: ānòuduōluó sānmiǎosānpútí (or wúshàng zhèngděng zhèngjué) • Jp: anokutara sanmyakusanbodai • Ko: 아뇩다라삼먁삼보리, Anyokdara sammyak sambori • Vi: A-nậu-đà-la tam-miệu tam-bồ-đề, Vô-thượng chánh-đẳng chánh-giác, Sáng-suốt giác-ngộ hoàn-toàn • Pāli: arahat or arahant • Sanskrit: arhat or arhant • Bur: yahanda () • Shan: rahanta () • Tib: , dgra com pa • Mn: архад, arkhad • Thai: อรหันต์ uh-ra-hann • 阿羅漢 • Cn: āluóhàn • Jp: arakan • Ko: 아라한, arahan • Tw: a-lô-hàn • Vi: a-la-hán • Sanskrit: ārūpyarāga • 無色貪 • Sanskrit: asura • Thai: อสูร asula • 阿修羅 • Cn: āxiūluó • Jp: ashuran • Ko: 아수라, asura • Tw: A-siu-lô • Vi: A Tu La • Pāli: atta • Sanskrit: ātman • Bur: atta () • 我 • Cn: • Jp: ga • Ko: 아, a • Tw: ngó͘ • Vi: ngã • Sanskrit: Avalokiteśvara • Bur: lawka nat () • Tib: spyan ras gzigs • Mn: Жанрайсиг, Janraisig • 觀世音 or 觀音 • Cn: Guānshì Yīn or Guān Yīn • Jp: Kanzeon or Kannon • Ko: 관세음, Gwanse-eum or 관음, Gwaneum • Tw: Koan-sè-im or Koan-im • Vi: "Quan Thế Âm Bồ Tát", "Quán Thế Âm Bồ Tát' or "Quan Âm" • Sanskrit: avidyā pāli: "avijjā • Pāli: avijjā • Bur: aweizza () • Shan: awitsa () • Thai: อวิชชา aa-wit-sha • Tib: ma rig-pa • 無明 • Cn: wúmíng • Jp: mumyō • Ko: 무명, mumyeong • Tw: Bû-bêng • Vi: vô minh ==B==
B
}) • Shan: () • Tib: • Mn: Орчлонгийн хүрдэн, Orchlongiin khurden • 有輪 • Cn: yǒulún • Jp: ariwa • Ko: 유륜, yuryun • Vi: hữu luân • Pāli • Bur: bhante () • Pāli, Sanskrit: bhava • Bur: bawa () • Mon: () • Shan: () • Thai: ภาวะ pa-wah • 有(十二因緣) • Cn: yǒu • Jp: u • Ko: 유, yu • Tw: • Vi: hữu (thập nhị nhân duyên) • Pāli: bhikkhu • Sanskrit: '''' • Bur: bheikkhu () • Shan: () • Tib: dge slong • Mn: гэлэн, gelen • Thai: ภิกขุ bhikku • 比丘 • Cn: bǐ qiū • Jp: biku • Ko: 비구, bigu or 스님 seunim, also 중, jung (pejorative) • Tw: pí-khiu • Vi: tì-kheo • from bhikkhu • Pāli: bhikkhuni • Sanskrit: '''' • Bur: bheikkhuni () • Shan: () • Kar: or "beegoonee" or "hpeewah" • Tib: sde slong ma • Mn: гэлэнмаа, gelenmaa • Thai: ภิกษุณี bhiksuni • 比丘尼 • Cn: bǐqiūní • Jp: bikuni • Ko: 비구니, biguni, 여승 (女僧), yeoseung • Tw: pí-khiu-nî • Vi: tỉ-khâu-ni, tỉ-khưu-ni or tì-kheo-ni, ni • Sanskrit: bīja • Bur: biza () • 種子 • Cn: zhŏngzi • Jp: shūji • Ko: 종자, jongja • Vi: chủng tử, hạt giống, hột giống • Pāli, Sanskrit: bodhi • Bur: bawdhi () • Shan: () • Thai: โพธิ์ poe • Tib: byang chub • Mn: бодь, bodi • Tag: Budhi • 菩提 • Cn: pútí • Jp: bodai • Ko: 보리, bori • Tw: phô͘-thê • Vi: bồ-đề, giác, giác ngộ • Sanskrit: Bodhisattvapiṭaka • 菩薩藏經 • from bodhi above • Bur: bawdhi nyaung () • Shan: () • 菩提樹 • Cn: Pútíshù • Jp: Bodaiju • Ko: 보리수, Borisu • Vi: Bồ-đề thụ, Bồ-đề thọ, cây Bồ-đề • Sanskrit: Bodhicaryāvatāra • 菩提行經 • Pāli, Sanskrit: bodhicitta • Bur: bawdhi seitta () • Tib: , byang chub kyi sems • Mn: бодь сэтгэл, bodi setgel • 菩提心 • Cn: pútíxīn • Jp: bodaishin • Ko: 보리심, borisim • Tw: phô͘-thê-sim • Vi: bồ-đề tâm • Pāli: bodhisatta • Sanskrit: bodhisattva • Bur: bawdhi that () • Mon: () • Thai: โพธิสัตว์ poe-ti-satt • Tib: , byang chub sems dpaʼ • Mn: бодьсад(ва), bodisad(va) • 菩薩 • Cn: púsà • Jp: bosatsu • Ko: 보살, bosal • Tw: Phô͘-sat • Vi: bồ-tát • Shan: () • Mn: богд, bogd • Tib: bogda • from √budh: to awaken • Pāli, Sanskrit: buddha • Bur: bodha () • Shan: () • Tib: sangs rgyas • Mn: бурхан, burhan • 佛, 仏, 仏陀 • Cn: • Jp: butsu or hotoke or budda • Ko: 불, Bul or 부처, Bucheo • Vi: Phật or Bụt • Sanskrit: buddha-dhatu, buddha-svabhāva, "tathagata-dhatu", or tathagatagarbha. • 佛性, 仏性 • Cn: fóxìng • Jp: busshō • Ko: 불성, bulseong • Vi: Phật tính, Phật tánh, Cái tánh sáng-suốt giác-ngộ hoàn-toàn • from √budh: to awaken • Pāli: buddha-sāsana • Sanskrit: buddha-sāsana • Bur: boddha batha () • Shan: () • Mon: () • Tib: • Mn: Бурханы Шашин, Burhanii Shashin • 佛教, 仏教 • Cn: Fójiào • Jp: bukkyō • Ko: 불교, bulgyo • Vi: Phật-giáo ==C==
C
}) • Shan: tseti () • Sin: චෛත්‍යය chaithya • Thai: เจดีย์ chetiya • Tib: mchod rten (chorten) • 塔 • Zh: Ta • Vi: Tháp • Ko: Tap • Jp: 卒塔婆 sotōba • Pāli: '''' • Sanskrit: '''' • Tib: ==D==
D
}) or () • Thai: ทาน taan • 布施 • Cn: bùshī • Jp: fuse • Ko: 보시 bosi • Vi: bố thí • Mn: өглөг • Pāli and Sanskrit: deva • Bur: dewa () • Khmer: ទេព or preah (ព្រះ) • Mn: тэнгэр tenger • Mon: tewetao () • Shan: () • 天 • Zh: tiān • Ko: cheon • Jp: ten • Vi: thiên • Pāli: '''' • Sanskrit: pratītya-samutpāda • Bur: padeissa thamopad () • Tib: rten.cing.'brel.bar.'byung.ba • Mn: шүтэн барилдлага shuten barildlaga • 因縁, also 緣起, 縁起 • Cn: yīnyuan, also yuánqǐ • Jp: innen, also engi • Ko: 인연 inyeon, also 연기 yeongi • Vi: nhân duyên, duyên khởi • from '''': to hold • Pāli: dhamma • Sanskrit: dharma • Bur: dhamma () • Mon: () • Thai: ธรรมะ tharrma • • Mn: дээдийн ном, deediin nom • 法 • Cn: • Jp: • Ko: beop • Vi: pháp • from '''': to hold • Pāli: dhamma • Sanskrit: dharma • Bur: () • Thai: ฉายา • Mn: номын нэр, nomyn ner • Zh: • Traditional: 法名 or 法號 • Simplified: 法名 or 法号 • Pinyin: fǎmíng or fǎhào • Ja: • Kanji: 戒名 • Rōmaji: kaimyō • Ko: • Hangeul: 법명 • Hanja: 法名 • RR: beopmyeong • Mn: суртгаал номхотгол, surtgaal nomkhotgol • Sanskrit: dharmacakra • Pāli: dhammacakka • Bur: dhamma sekya () • • Mn: номын хүрдэн, momiin khurden • 法輪 • Cn: Fǎlún • Jp: hōrin • Ko: beomnyun • Vi: pháp luân • Pāli: dhammapada • Sanskrit: dharmapada • Bur: dhammapada () • 法句經 • • Jp: hokkukyō (shin. 法句経) • Ko: beopgugyeong • Vi: kinh pháp cú • Sanskrit: dharmapāla • Pāli: dhammapāla • Tib: chos skyong • Mn: догшид, dogshid; хангал, khangal • 護法 • Cn: hùfǎ • Jp: gohō • Ko: hobeop • Vi: Hộ Pháp • Pāli: jhāna • Sanskrit: dhyāna • Bur: zan () • Mon: () • Mn: дияан, diyan • 禪 or 禪那, 禅 or 禅那 • Cn: Chán or Chánnà • Jp: Zen or Zenna • Ko: Seon • Vi: Thiền or Thiền-na • Pāli: Dīpamkara • Sanskrit: Dīpankara • Bur: dipankara () • Thai: พระทีปังกรพุทธเจ้า • 燃燈佛 • Cn: Rándēng Fo • Jp: Nentōbutsu • Vi: Nhiên-đăng Phật • Japanese: 堂行 dōan • Japanese: 独参 dokusan • 獨參 • Cn: dúcān • Ko: dokcham • Vi: độc tham • 度牒 • Cn: dùdié • Jp: dochō • Ko: 도첩, docheop • Vi: độ điệp • Pāli: dukkha • Sanskrit: '''' • Bur: doukkha () • Shan: () • Thai: ทุกข์ took • Tib: sdug bsngal • Mn: зовлон, zovlon • 苦 • Cn: • Jp: ku • Ko: go • Vi: khổ • Sanskrit: dveṣa • 瞋 • Tibetan: rdzogs pa chen po • Sanskrit: atiyoga • 大究竟 • Cn: dàjiūjìng • Jp: daikukyō • Ko: daegugyeong • Vi: đại cứu cánh ==F==
M
}) or () • Shan: () or () or () • 功徳 • Jp: kudoku • Pāli: mettā • Sanskrit: maitrī • Bur: myitta () • Mon: () • Shan: () or () • Thai: เมตตา metta • Tib: བྱམས་པ་ byams pa • 慈 • Ch: • Jp: ji • Vi: từ • Pāli: '''' • Sanskrit: madhyamāpratipad • Bur: myizima badi bada () • 中道 • Ch: zhōngdào • Jp: chūdō • Vi: trung đạo • Mn: дундаж зам мөр, dundaj zam mör • Pāli: (sammā)-sati • Sanskrit: '''' • Bur: thadi () • Thai: สัมมาสติ samma-sati • 正念 • Cn: zhèngniàn • Jp: shōnen • Vi: chính niệm, chánh niệm • Sanskrit: '''' • Pāli: vimutti • Bur: wimouti () • 解脱 • Cn: jiětuō • Jp: gedatsu • Vi: giải thoát • Japanese: 木魚 mokugyo • 木魚 • Cn: mùyú • Vi: • Japanese: 問答 mondō • 問答 • Cn: wèndǎ • Vi: • Sanskrit: mudrā • Bur: modra () • Tib: ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ phyag rgya • Mn: чагжаа, chagjaa • 手印 • Cn: sohyìn (commonly only yìn) • Jp: shuin • Vi: ấn ==N==
P
}) • Shan: () • Tibetan: ཤེས་རབ་ shes rab • Mn: билиг, bilig • 智慧 or 知恵 or 般若 • Cn: Zhìhuì, zhīhuì, bōrě • Jp: chie,hannya • Vi: bát-nhã • Sanskrit: paramārtha • Bur: paramat () • Thai: ปรมัตถ์ paramutt • 真諦 • Jp: shintai • Pāli: pāramī • Sanskrit: pāramitā • Bur: parami () • Mon: () • Thai: บารมี baramee • Mn: барамид, baramid • 波羅蜜 or 波羅蜜多 • Cn: bōluómì or bōluómìduō • Jp: haramitsu or haramita • Vi: ba-la-mật or ba-la-mật-đa • from nibbana/nirvana above • Pāli: parinibbāna • Sanskrit: '''' • Bur: pareineibban () • Thai: ปรินิพพาน pari-nippaan • 般涅槃 • Cn: bōnièpán • Jp: hatsunehan • Vi: bát-niết-bàn • from pāramitā ("perfection") above and prajñā/paññā ("wisdom") below • Sanskrit: prajñāpāramitā • Pāli: paññāparami • Bur: pyinnya parami () • Mon: () • Mn: билиг барамид, bilig baramid • 般若波羅蜜 or 般若波羅蜜多 • Cn: bōrě-bōluómì or bōrě-bōluómìduō • Jp: hannya-haramitsu or hannya-haramita • Vi: bát-nhã-ba-la-mật or bát-nhã-ba-la-mật-đa • 六祖壇經 • Tibetan: ངོ་སྤྲོད་ ngo-sprod • Pāli: paññā • Sanskrit: prajñā • Bur: pyinnya () • Thai: ปัญญา pun-ya • Tibetan: ཤེས་རབ་ shes rab • Mn: хөтлөх, khötlökh • 般若 • Cn: bōrě or bānruò • Jp: hannya • Vi: bát-nhã • Sanskrit: pratisaraṇa • 依 A famous application of dependent origination is the Twelve Nidana, or 12 inter-dependences (Sanskrit: ''; 十二因緣, 十二因縁 Cn: shíàr yīnyuán; Jp: jūni innen; Vi: thập nhị nhân duyên''), which are: • Ignorance (Pāli: avijjā; Sanskrit: avidyā; 無明 Cn: wúmíng; Jp: mumyō; Vi: vô minh; Mn: мунхрахуй, munhrahui) • Ignorance creates Mental Formation (Pāli: '; Sanskrit: '; 行 Cn: xíng; Jp: gyō; Vi: hành; Mn: хуран үйлдэхүй, khuran uildehui) • Mental Formation creates Consciousness (Pāli: ''; Sanskrit: vijñāna; 識 Cn: shí; Jp: shiki; Vi: thức; Mn: тийн мэдэхүй, tiin medehui'') • Consciousness creates Name & Form (Pāli, Sanskrit: nāmarūpa; 名色 Cn: míngsè; Jp: myōshiki; Vi: danh sắc; Mn: нэр өнгө, ner öngö) • Name & Form create Sense Gates (Pāli: '; Sanskrit: '; 六入 or 六処 Cn: liùrù; Jp: rokunyū or rokusho; Vi: lục nhập; Mn: төрөн түгэхүй, törön tugehui) • Sense Gates create Contact (Pāli: phassa; Sanskrit: sparśa; 觸, 触 Cn: chù; Jp: soku; Vi: xúc; Mn: хүрэлцэхүй, khureltsehui) • Contact creates Feeling (Pāli, Sanskrit: vedanā; 受 Cn: shòu; Jp: ju; Vi: thụ; Mn: сэрэхүй, serehui) • Feeling creates Craving (Pāli: '; Sanskrit: '; 愛 Cn: ài; Jp: ai; Vi: ái; Mn: хурьцахуй, khuritsahui) • Craving creates Clinging (Pāli, Sanskrit: upādāna; 取 Cn: ; Jp: shu; Vi: thủ; Mn: авахуй, avahui) • Clinging creates Becoming (Pāli, Sanskrit: bhava; 有 Cn: yǒu; Jp: u; Vi: hữu; Mn: сансар, sansar) • Becoming creates Birth (Pāli, Sanskrit: jāti; 生 Cn: shēng; Jp: shō; Vi: sinh; Mn: төрөхүй, töröhui ) • Birth leads to Aging & Death (Pāli, Sanskrit: ''; 老死 Cn: láosǐ; Jp: rōshi; Vi: lão tử; Mn: өтлөх үхэхүй, ötlöh uhehui'') • Pāli: '''' • Sanskrit: pratitya-samutpāda • Bur: padeissa thamopad () • Tib: rten cing `brel bar `byung ba • Mn: шүтэн барилдлага, shuten barildlaga • 緣起 (thought to be an abbreviation for 因), 縁起 • Cn: yuánqǐ • Jp: engi • Tw: iân-khí • Vi: duyên khởi • Also called 因緣, 因縁 • Cn: yīnyuán • Jp: innen • Vi: nhân duyên • Pāli: paccekabuddha • Sanskrit: pratyekabuddha • Bur: pyiseka boddha () • 辟支佛 • Cn: Bìzhī Fó • Jp: Hyakushibutsu • Tw: phek-chi-hu̍t • Vi: Bích-chi Phật • 净土宗(Ch), 浄土教(Jp) • Cn: Jìngtǔ-zōng • Jp: Jōdo-kyo • Ko: Jeongtojong • Tw: Chēng-thó͘-chong • Vi: Tịnh độ tông • Pāli: purisa • Sanskrit: puruṣa • Tib: skyes pa • 人 • Ch: rén • Jp: hito ==R==
S
} • Mon: () • Shan: () • Thai: สัจจะ sadja • 真 • Cn: zhēn • Jp: shin • Vi: • 妙法蓮華經 / 法華經 • Cn: miàofǎ liánhuá jīng or fǎhuá jīng • Jp: 妙法蓮華経 myōhō renge kyō or 法華経 hokekyō • Tw: Biāu-hoat Liân-hôa Keng or Hoat-hôa-keng • 六趣 • Sanskrit: '''' • Burmese: (shin) thamane () • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Mon: () • Shan: () • Thai: สามเณร sama-naen • 沙彌 • Cn: shāmí • Jp: shami • Tw: sa-bi • Vi: sa-di, chú tiểu • Pāli: samatha • Sanskrit: śamatha • Bur: thamahta () • Thai: สมถะ samatha • 止 • Cn: zhǐ or 舍摩他 shěmótā • Jp: サマタ samata or シャマタ shamata • Vi: ?? • Pāli, Sanskrit: '''' • Bur: thanthaya () • Thai: สังสารวัฏ sung-sara-wat • Tib: འཁོར་བ khor ba • Bur: သံသရာ • Mn: орчлон, orchlon • 輪迴, 輪廻 • Cn: lúnhúi • Jp: rinne • Tw: lûn-hôe • Vi: luân hồi • Japanese: 作務 samu • 作務 • Cn: zuòwù • Vi: ?? • Sanskrit: '''' • Bur: thamudi () • Thai: สมมุติ sommoot • 俗諦 • Jp: zokutai • Sanskrit: '''' • Bur: thangha () • Mon: () • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Shan: () • Thai: สงฆ์ song • Tib: ཚོགས་ཀ་མཆོག tsog gyu chog • Mn: хуврагийн чуулган, khuvragiin chuulgan • 僧團 • Cn: sēng tuan • Jp: , sōryō • Vi: tăng già • Chinese: 三論 sānlùn • 三論宗 • Cn: Sānlùnzōng • Jp: Sanron-shū • Vi: Tam luận tông • Japanese • Japanese: 悟り satori • 悟 • Cn: • Vi: ngộ • Bur: sayadaw () • Japanese: 制中 seichu • Japanese: 接心, 摂心 • 佛七 • Cn: fóqī • 坐臘/坐腊 • Cn: zuòlà • Japanese: 只管打座 • 默照 • Cn: mòzhào • Pāli: suññatā • Sanskrit: śūnyatā • Bur: () • Shan: () • Tib: pa nyid • Mn: хоосон чанар, khooson chanar • 空 • Cn: kōng • Jp: • Tw: khong • Vi: tính Không • Pāli: Sikhī Buddha • Sanskrit: Śikhīn Buddha • Jp: Shiki Butsu • Pāli: sīla • Sanskrit: śīla • Bur: thila () • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Mon: () • Shan: () • Thai: ศีล seen • 尸羅, 戒 • Cn: jiè • Jp: kai • Tw: kài • Vi: giới • Mn: шагшаабад, shagshaabad • Japanese: 曹洞宗 Sōtō-shū • 曹洞宗 • Cn: Cáodòng-zōng • Vi: Tào Động tông • Pāli, Sanskrit: ālayavijñāna • 阿頼耶識 • Cn: āyēshí • Jp: arayashiki • Vi: a-lại-da thức • Sanskrit: śrāvastī • 舍衛國 • Pāli: sukha • Sanskrit: sukha • Bur: • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Mon: ?? • Mn: ?? • 樂 • Cn: 乐 • Jp: 楽 raku • Tw: 樂 lo̍k • Vi: ?? • from √siv: to sew • Sanskrit: sutra • Pāli: sutta • Bur: thoht () • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Mon: () • Mon: () • Thai: สูตร soothe • Mn: судар, sudar • 經, 経 • Cn: jīng • Jp: kyō • Tw: keng • Vi: kinh • Sanskrit: Śūraṃgamasamādhisūtra • 首楞嚴三昧經 • Pāli: '''' • Sanskrit: '''' • Bur: thoht () • Mon: () • Mon: () • Mn: Судрын аймаг Sudriin aimag • 經藏, 経蔵 • Cn: jīngcáng • Jp: kyōzō • Vi: Kinh tạng ==T==
T
} • Thai: ตัณหา tunha • Mn: хурьцахуй, khuritsahui • 愛 • Cn: ài • Jp: ai • Kr: 애 ae • Tw: ài • Vi: ái • Japanese:単頭 • • Sanskrit: tantra • Mn: тарнийн ёс, дандар, tarniin yos, dandar • Cn: 续部 xùbù, 密续 mìxù, 怛特罗 dátèluó • Jp: タントラ tantora • Vi: đát-đặc-la • Sanskrit: tathāgata; The "Thus-Gone One" • Bur: tahtagata () • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Thai: ตถาคต tatha-kohd • Mn: түүнчлэн ирсэн, tuunchlen irsen • 如来 • Cn: rúlái • Jp: nyorai • Tw: Jû-lâi • Vi: như lai • Sanskrit: tathāgatagarbha • 佛性, 仏性 • Cn: fóxìng • Jp: busshō • Also 覚性 • Cn: juéxìng • Jp: kakushō • Vi: giác tính • Also 如来藏, 如来蔵 • Cn: rúláizàng • Jp: nyuoraizō • Vi: như lai tạng • Japanese: 提唱 teishō • Japanese: 典座 tenzo • 典座 • Cn: diǎnzuò • Vi: điển toạ • Sanskrit: Tevijjasutta • 三明經 • Pāli: theravāda • Sanskrit: sthaviravāda • Bur: hterawada ( or ) • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Thai: เถรวาท tera-waad • 上座部 • Cn: shàngzuòbù • Jp: jōzabu • Vi: Thượng toạ bộ • Pāli: thera • Bur: htera () • Pāli: tiratana • Sanskrit: triratna • Bur: tharanagon thon ba () OR yadana thon ba () • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Thai: ไตรรัตน์ trai-rut • Tib: དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ, dkon mchog gsum • Mn: чухаг дээд гурав chuhag deed gurav • 三寶 • Cn: sānbăo • Jp: sanbō • Vi: tam bảo • Three divisions of the time following the historical Buddha's passing: the Former (or Early) Day of the Law (正法 Cn: zhèngfǎ; Jp: shōbō), the first thousand years; the Middle Day of the Law (像法 Cn: xiàngfǎ; Jp: zōhō), the second thousand years; and the Latter Day of the Law (末法 Cn: mòfǎ; Jp: mappō), which is to last for 10,000 years. • The three periods are significant to Mahayana adherents, particularly those who hold the Lotus Sutra in high regard; e.g., Tiantai (Tendai) and Nichiren Buddhists, who believe that different Buddhist teachings are valid (i.e., able to lead practitioners to enlightenment) in each period due to the different capacity to accept a teaching (機根 Cn: jīgēn; Jp: kikon) of the people born in each respective period. • The three periods are further divided into five five-hundred year periods (五五百歳 Cn: wǔ wǔbǎi suì; Jp: go no gohyaku sai), the fifth and last of which was prophesied to be when the Buddhism of Sakyamuni would lose all power of salvation and a new Buddha would appear to save the people. This time period would be characterized by unrest, strife, famine, and other, natural disasters. • The three periods and the five five-hundred year periods are described in the Sutra of the Great Assembly (大集経 Cn: dàjí jīng; Jp: Daishutu-kyō, Daijuku-kyō, Daijikkyō, or Daishukkyō). Descriptions of the three periods also appear in other sutras, some of which ascribe different lengths of time to them (although all agree that Mappō will last for 10,000 years). • 三時 • Cn: Sānshí • Jp: Sanji • Vi: Tam thời :The three primary causes of unskillful action that lead to the creation of "negative" karma; the three root kleshas: • Attachment (Pāli: '; Sanskrit: '; Tib.: འདོད་ཆགས་ 'dod chags) • Aversion (Pali: doha; Sanskrit: ''; Tib.: ཞེ་སྡང་ zhe sdang; Mn: урин хилэн, urin khilen; 瞋 Cn: chēn; Jp: jin; Vi: sân'') • Ignorance (Pāli: moha; Sanskrit: moha; Tib.: གཏི་མུག་ gti mug) • Pāli: kilesa (Defilements) • Sanskrit: kleśa • Sanskrit: triviṣa • Tib: düsum () • Bur: mi thon ba () • Mn: гурван хор, gurvan khor • 三毒 • Cn: Sāndú • Jp: Sandoku • Vi: Tam độc • Chinese: 天台 tiāntái • 天台宗 • Cn: tiāntái zōng • Jp: tendai-shū • Vi: Thiên Thai tôngKamaloka or Kamadhatu: world of desires (Sanskrit, Pāli: kāmaloka, kāmadhātu; Tibetan: འདོད་ཁམས་ `dod khams; Mn: амармагийн орон, amarmagiin oron; 欲界 Cn: yùjiè, Jp: yokkai Vi: dục giới) • Rupaloka or Rupadhatu: world of form (Sanskrit: rūpaloka, rūpadhātu; Tibetan: གཟུགས་ཁམས་ gzugs khams; Mn: дүрстийн орон, durstiin oron; 色界 Cn: sèjiè; Jp: shikikai , Vi: sắc giới) • Arupaloka or Arupadhatu: world without form or desire (Sanskrit: arūpaloka, arūpadhātu; Tibetan: གཟུགས་མེད་ཁམས་ gzugs med khams; Mn: дүрсгүйн орон, dursquin oron; 無色界 Cn: wú sèjiè, Jp: mushikikai Vi: vô sắc giới) • Sanskrit: triloka • Pāli: tisso dhātuyo • Tibetan: ཁམས་གསུམ་ khams gsum • Mn: гурван орон, gurvan oron • 三界 • Cn: sānjiè • Jp: sangai • Tw: Sam-kài • Vi: tam giới • Dharma-kaya (Sanskrit: dharmakāya; 法身 Cn: fǎshēn; Jp: hosshin; Vi: pháp thân) • Sambhoga-kaya (Sanskrit: ''; 報身 Cn: bàoshēn; Jp: hōshin; Vi: báo thân'') • Nirmana-kaya (Sanskrit: ''; 應身,化身,応身 Cn: yìngshēn; Jp: ōjin; Vi: ứng thân'') • Sanskrit: trikāya • 三身 • Cn: sānshēn • Jp: sanjin • Vi: tam thân • Sanskrit: Triṃśikā • 唯識三十論頌 • Vinaya Pitaka (Pāli, Sanskrit: ''; Tib: འདུལ་བའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ `dul ba`i sde snod; Mn: винайн аймаг сав vinain aimag sav; 律藏, 律蔵 Cn: lǜzàng; Jp: Ritsuzō; Vi: Luật tạng'') • Sutra Pitaka (Pāli: '; Sanskrit: '; Tib: མདོ་སྡེའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ mdo sde`i sde snod; Mn: судрын аймаг сав sudriin aimag sav; 經藏, 経蔵 Cn: jīngzàng; Jp: Kyōzō; Vi: Kinh tạng) • Abhidhamma Pitaka (Pāli: '; Sanskrit: '; Tib: མངོན་པའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ mngon pa`i sde snod; Mn: авидармын аймаг сав avidarmiin aimag sav; 論藏, 論蔵 Cn: lùnzàng; Jp: Ronzō; Vi: Luận tạng) • Pāli: '''' • Sanskrit: '''' • Burmese: Tipitaka () • Thai: ไตรปิฎก Traipidok • སྡེ་སྣོད་་གསུམ, sde snod gsum • Mn: гурван аймаг сав, gurvan aimag sav • 三藏, 三蔵 • Cn: Sānzàng • Jp: Sanzō • Ko: Samjang • Vi: Tam tạng • Pāli: tiratana • Sanskrit: triratna • Tib: དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ, dkon mchog gsum • Mn: гурван эрдэнэ, gurvan erdene • Sanskrit: triviṣa • 三毒 • Tibetan: སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ tulku • Mn: хувилгаан, khuvilgaan • 再來人 (轉世再來的藏系師長) • Cn: Zài lái rén • Jp: keshin • Vi: hoá thân ==U==
U
} • Shan: () • Thai: อุปาทาน u-pa-taan • Tib: ལེན་པ, len pa • Mn: авахуй, avahui • 取(十二因緣第九支) • Cn: • Jp: shu • Vi: thủ • Pāli: Upajjhaya • Sanskrit: upādhyāy • Bur: Upyizesaya () • Sanskrit: upāsaka • Bur: upathaka () • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Mon: () • Thai: อุบาสก u-ba-sok • 近事男, 優婆塞 • Cn: jìnshìnán • Jp: ubasoku • Vi: cư sĩ • from upasaka above • Sanskrit: upāsika • Bur: upathika () • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Thai: อุบาสิกา u-ba-sika • 近事女, 優婆夷 • Cn: jìnshìnǚ • Jp: ubai • Vi: (nữ) cư sĩ In Mahayana, exemplified by the Lotus Sutra, upaya are the useful means that Buddhas (and Buddhist teachers) use to free beings into enlightenment • Sanskrit: upāya • Bur: upe () • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Tib: ཐབས, thabs • Mn: арга, arga • 方便 • Cn: fāngbiàn • Jp: hōben • Vi: phương tiện • Pāli: upekkhā • Sanskrit: upekṣā • Bur: upyikkha () • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Thai: อุเบกขา u-bek-kha • Tib: བཏང་སྙོམས་, btang snyoms • Mn: тэгшид барихуй, tegshid barihui • 镇定,沉着, 捨 • Cn: Zhèndìng, chénzhuó • Jp: sha • Sanskrit: urna • Mn: билгийн мэлмий, bilgiin melmii • 白毫 • Jp: byakugō • Vi: bạch hào ==V==
V
} • 習気 • Jp: jikke • Pāli, Sanskrit: '''', lit. "discipline basket" • Bur: wini pitakat () • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Mon: () • Shan: () • Thai: วินัย wi-nai • Tib: འདུལ་བའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ dul-bai sde-snod • Mn: Винайн аймаг сав, vinain aimag sav • 律藏 • Cn: Lǜzàng • Jp: Ritsuzō • Vi: Luật tạng • from '''': to see apart • Pāli: vipassanā • Sanskrit: vipaśyanā, vidarśanā • Bur: wipathana () • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Shan: () • Thai: วิปัสสนา wipadsana • Tib: ལྷག་མཐོངlhag mthong • Mn: үлэмж үзэл, ulemj uzel • 觀,観 • Cn: guān • Jp: kan • Vi: quán • from • Pāli: viriya • Sanskrit: vīrya, • Khmer: • UNGEGN: • ALA-LC: • IPA: • Tib: brtson-grus • Thai: วิริยะ wiriya • 能量 • Cn: néngliàng • Jp: nōryō • Vi: năng-lượng ==Y==
Y
} • 乘 • Cn: shèng • Jp: • Vi: thừa ==Z==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com