MarketFranciscan Church and monastery, Sanok
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Franciscan Church and monastery, Sanok

The Franciscan Church and monastery is a Romanesque Revival church and monastery complex located in Sanok, Poland.

History
Following the establishment of the Franciscan Order in 1209, its members began arriving in Poland in the early 13th century, including in the Subcarpathian region, with a presence in Przemyśl by 1237. Sanok became the second location in the region for their settlement. The Franciscan Church and monastery were founded on 27 February 1377, under a privilege issued by Duke Vladislaus II of Opole, then the governor of Red Ruthenia. The duke instructed the Archbishop of Lviv, Maciej, and the Sanok burgrave, also named Maciej, to endow the Franciscans with a manor and construct a church outside the city walls. Construction occurred between 1372 and 1376, resulting in the erection of the , which was assigned to the Minorite Franciscans from Lviv. This church was located near the present-day Tadeusz Kościuszko Street, close to , in the area now known as . The organization of the church and diocese was overseen by . The initial church and monastery buildings were wooden and located outside the city walls, now part of the district. The church's erection act and donation are dated 5 July 1384. The new church was dedicated to the Finding of the Holy Cross. In 1384, the rector of the Church of St. Michael attempted to seize the monastery, but Queen Elizabeth of Bosnia, wife of Louis I and mother of Queen Jadwiga of Poland, ordered the starosta, council, and citizens to protect the Franciscans, who were moved inside the city. In 1387, Chartman Ghyr, a cleric and public notary, reaffirmed in Krosno the documents approved by Duke Vladislaus II and Queen Elizabeth in the presence of Bishop . Over the centuries, Sanok suffered multiple fires (1457, 1470, 1514, 1566), with the church surviving the 1566 fire. A fire in 1604, caused by Tatars, destroyed the church. Later, the church's title changed from the Finding of the Holy Cross to the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (celebrated on 14 September), reportedly after the Second Vatican Council. Another fire in 1632 destroyed the church and monastery. Between 1632 and 1640, a reconstruction using quarried stone established the current form of the complex. During this period, new wooden monastery buildings were erected, and from 1717, they were replaced with a uniform brick structure. Additional wings of the monastery quadrangle were built between 1722 and 1747 and between 1758 and 1775. Further fires occurred in 1676 and 1743. In 1766, the Brotherhood of St. Ivo was established. until 19 December 1886, when the was established (during that period, the guardians of the monastery simultaneously held the office of parish priest). During the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the authorities under Joseph II repurposed part of the monastery as a prison (due to the lack of a city jail) and a county court, confiscating some church property. On the night of 9–10 May 1872, a devastating damaged the church, destroying nearly a third of the city. Reconstruction followed, with the vaults and roof rebuilt, but the church lost its Baroque style, including the tower's Baroque helmet and a domed side chapel. Painter Tabiński from Rzeszów decorated the church interior, with his work preserved until 1935. Reconstruction was completed in 1886, The Baroque vault was lowered, windows were bricked up, nearly doubling its height. Previously, the tower had a domed shape. In 1896, a small turret for the sanctus bell was added. Further restorations occurred in 1905, when two tower stories and a new helmet were constructed. On 18 May 1914, a landslide affected the hill on which the church stands. In 1920, the church's chapels were raised. • Above the chapel of St. Maximilian Kolbe, a fresco titled St. Francis Sending Monks into the World features local figures, including Antoni Jędrzejowski, Br. Michał Czyż, and Br. Metody Wojcieszek, with an Assisi-like view resembling Sanok's panorama. • The second painting, placed on the arch connecting the main nave with the chancel, depicts a scene of homage and worship offered by representatives of various social classes to the Mother of God. Among those worshipping are also the townspeople, including W. Lisowski himself (a kneeling figure dressed in a kersey), his daughters Maria and Helena Nehring with a child in arms (the future doctor Jerzy Nehring), lawyer Kazimierz Lisowski from Brzozów, the craftsman Antoni Borczyk (wearing a Czamara) living by the church along with his family (his daughters), the mayor of Sanok, , painted in noble attire, and the guardian of the Sanok convent, Father Teofil Bazan. In 1898, Sanok painter Włodarski created paintings in the church porch, including a depiction of St. Francis in prayer and the Polish emblem on the ceiling. In the late 1930s, engineer advised on renovations, including plastering the church facade facing the Market Square and retaining "rustic stone" on the chancel's eastern garden side. In the 19th century, the monastery buildings were listed under number 16 in the city. On 16 September 1889, Father was found guilty of ecclesiastical offenses and sentenced to lose his parish in Kulików and undergo six weeks of retreat at the Sanok monastery. In the early years of the Second Polish Republic, from 1921 to 1923, the monastery housed a Minor Franciscan Seminary. Until the early 1930s, the Sanok monastery, like other Franciscan convents in the Subcarpathian region, was under the , before being transferred to the . In 1931, the Franciscan convent owned property at 30 (originally conscription number 998). During World War II under the German occupation, and for a year after the war, the monastery housed the Polish Commercial School (Polnische Öffentliche Handelsschule). After the Eastern Front passed in 1944, the complex's roofing was damaged and repaired by Kazimierz Niemiec. In 1950, the state nationalized the Franciscans' 34-hectare farm at 10 Zagrody Street, leaving them with approximately 2 hectares. In 1973, part of the remaining land was purchased by the state, where a high school was built, and Franciscans served as catechists there until 1984. A public chapel, later the Chapel of St. Maximilian Maria Kolbe, was established on the remaining land and transferred to the Przemyśl diocese in 1984. However, from 1950, its graduates were barred from further education at the state-run Sanok Gymnasium. On 3 July 1952, the seminary was shut down by communist authorities, who also seized part of the monastery, later reclaimed by the Franciscans. In 1954, relics of the Holy Cross and the icon of Our Lady of Grace were transferred from the nearby Greek Catholic cathedral, which had been unused since Operation Vistula in 1947. On 3 May 1956, the Secretariat of the Polish Episcopal Conference designated the church's second title as Our Lady of Consolation, In 1972, the Franciscan complex, including the church, monastery, a mid-19th-century barn with a stone and wooden treadmill, and an 18th/19th-century monastery fence, was added to Sanok's updated register of monuments. In 1948, a new armored tabernacle, crafted by Karol Baranowicz, replaced the previous wooden one. Between 1998 and 1999, archaeological and conservation work uncovered a medieval cemetery and 14th-century walls. From 2000 to 2003, conservation and renovation continued, restoring the altars and paintings of St. Anthony of Padua (by October 2001) and Our Lady of Consolation. The complex (church, monastery, and fence) is listed in the provincial (1967) and municipal registers of Sanok monuments. In 1978, the Sanok branch of the Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society's Monument Preservation Committee placed a plaque on the facade noting the building's historic status. In 2019, construction began to stabilize the escarpment due to numerous cracks in the church buildings. == Architecture ==
Architecture
The church is oriented, with the chancel, housing the main altar, facing east. The current appearance of the church and monastery differs from its original form. The original altars were restored between 1777 and 1778 by painter Serafiński from Rzeszów. The current main altar, rebuilt after the fire in 1887, was designed by from Przemyśl. Above, the ceiling depicts the Holy Trinity and the Four Evangelists. Statues of Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas, crafted by Majerski in 1887, flank the altar. Four angel statues (two standing, two seated) adorn the pillar capitals. In the late 19th century, the main altar was painted in red marble. The original pulpit was in the chancel's right side, moved to the left in 1887. The current pulpit, crafted by Majerski in 1889, features two angel figures on its canopy. In 1897, funded the pulpit stairs and a nearby wooden choir stall. A similar choir stall was placed on the right side near the sacristy entrance, both moved to the St. Francis chapel in 1977. Initially, eight pews (by Dutkiewicz, 1897) were under the pulpit, with 16 in the main nave (by Michał Car, 1939). The ground floor features cross-vaulted cloisters leading from the monastic garden to the church porch, sacristy, and chancel. The sacristy was renovated between 1900 and 1901, with paintings by Father Cyryl Sadowski, was renovated in 1901 and reconstructed in 1977. Since late 2005, the church tower has featured a carillon of eight bells (total weight 250 kg), playing melodies every three hours between 6:00 AM and 9:00 PM. == Sacred objects and artistic monuments ==
Sacred objects and artistic monuments
• A crucifix in the main altar of the chancel (late 17th century); votive offerings were confiscated by Austrian authorities in the late 18th/early 19th century. • A crucifix in the St. Zygmunt Gorazdowski chapel (early 18th century). • An altar with a painting of St. Anthony of Padua (17th-century references, right side of the main nave), featuring two twisted columns with leaves and grapes, topped with angels. In 1937, Władysław Lisowski repainted it rosewood. The painting shows St. Anthony holding three lilies in his right hand and the Child Jesus in his left. Behind this painting is an image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, painted by Tabiński from Rzeszów in 1888. • Main nave polychromes: St. Francis receiving the Portiuncula indulgence from Jesus and Mary, the Finding of the Holy Cross (near the choir), and images of St. Francis, Blessed Jakub Strzemię, St. Louis of France, St. Clare, Blessed Salomea, and St. Elizabeth (right side). • The St. Francis of Assisi chapel (southern, right side of the main nave), adjacent to the sacristy, renovated in 1935 by Józef Kopaczek, with polychromes by Władysław Lisowski (1935–1936). Paintings include Admission of St. Kinga and Bolesław the Chaste to the Third Franciscan Order (on the sacristy-adjacent wall), St. Anthony Giving Alms to the Poor, Especially Children (above the entrance), and St. Francis Preaching to the Birds (above the nave exit). The chapel's St. Francis altar was restored in 1935. uncovering original Baroque decoration from the late 17th/early 18th century, and was dedicated by Father on 4 October 1999. • The St. Maximilian Kolbe chapel (northern, left side of the main nave, formerly called the Our Lady of Consolation chapel, later St. Joseph and Our Lady of the Rosary). Renovated in 1908 (plastered inside, brick exterior replaced with stone) and again between 1935 and 1936. A new altar with alabaster columns, designed by Władysław Lisowski, was completed by 1937. The chapel's painting of St. Maximilian Kolbe was created by Sanok painter in 1971. • A statue of the Immaculate Virgin Mary in the garden next to the townhouse at 18 Market Square, inscribed: "1377 600 Years of Franciscans in Sanok 1977". Crafted by Edward Kość from Jasło, it uses a pedestal from a previous Christ statue. The statue was repainted in 2012. Originally, a 1898 statue of Jesus Christ by , funded by with an Odrzykoń stone pedestal, It remained until the 1970s. • A fancy portrait of Elizabeth of Poland, the church's founder, donated in 1882, located in the sacristy. • A painting of St. Joseph in the sacristy, by Genowefa Stepek, 1964. • Four wooden confessionals, crafted in 1906. • Fourteen 18th-century paintings of the Passion of Christ in the cloisters. Previously, the church housed paintings of Our Lady of the Scapular (transferred to the Church of the Virgin Mary Queen of Poland in Zahutyń) and Our Lady of the Rosary (moved to Jasło). == Commemorative and informational plaques ==
Commemorative and informational plaques
• A plaque commemorating a solemn funeral on 7 November 1758 for the bones of those buried in the church, likely Sanok's oldest memorial plaque. The partially legible inscription reads: "In the year 1758, on 17 November, a solemn funeral was held for the bones of those buried in this church...". Until 1897, it was on the church porch floor. • An epitaph for Maria Amalia Mniszech (1736–1772), stating: "D.O.M. Maria Amelia née Brühl Mniszchowa, General's Wife of Greater Poland. Died at 36 on 30 April 1772 in Dukla. Requests a Hail Mary". Inscription: "The Minorite Fathers' Monastery was founded by Władysław, Prince of Opole, Wieluń, and Ruthenia in 1387. After the burning of the Missionaries' church in 1783, the parish was transferred here. During the time of Provincial Father Klemens Kobak and Guardian Father Paweł Gracowski, upper floors were built to the south and east in 1847. O.A.M.D.G.". • A late-Baroque epitaph of black marble for , Castellan of Livonia (1769–1778, died 1788), and his wife Marcjanna née Tarnawiecka (died 1754), funded by their son Samuel Rogala-Lewicki, with a Latin inscription. • A plaque commemorating the 300th anniversary of the Union of Lublin (1569), placed in 1869 by the Austro-Hungarian Sanok administration, Inscription: "Commemoration of the Union of Lublin 1869". On 15 June 1893, the City Council approved its relocation to the church's front wall. • A plaque commemorating the 966–1966 millennium, placed around 1976 on a pillar between the left nave and altar. • A plaque reading: "To Our Lady of Consolation on the 400th anniversary of her reign in the Sanok land, the Franciscans and devotees offer a tribute of gratitude. Sanok, 12 May 1996". Unveiled on 12 May 1996 during a Mass by Cardinal Józef Glemp. Located in the St. Maximilian Kolbe chapel. == Events ==
Events
• 1 November 1851 – Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria attended Mass at 5:30 AM during his Galician journey. • 1 April 1966 – Mass concelebrated by Cardinal Karol Wojtyła. • 19 March 2005 – Establishment of the church as the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Consolation – Lady of the Sanok Land by Archbishop Józef Michalik. • 11 December 1977 – Celebration of the 600th anniversary of the Franciscans' arrival in Sanok, during which a solemn Mass was celebrated by Bishop . • 10 May 1998 – During the indulgence celebration, Bishop Stefan Moskwa consecrated the renovated chancel and the altar in the church. == Clergy and related people ==
Clergy and related people
• Father (late 17th century) • Father Piotr Karwowski • Father Anzelm Cedzicki (until ca. 1831) • Father Honorat Warnicki (from ca. 1831 to ca. 1834) • Father Cyprian Chęciński (from 1889 to ca. 1890) • Father Norbert Sobolewski (from ca. 1890 to ca. 1891) • Father (from 1895 to 1899) • Father (from 1899 to ca. 1902) • Father Andrzej Knurek (from ca. 1901 to ca. 1902) • Father Zygmunt Tomczykowski (from January 1904) • Father Remigiusz Duda (from ca. 1904 to ca. 1905) • Father Kazimierz Siemaszkiewicz (from ca. 1916) • Father Wawrzyniec Pomianek (in the 1920s) • Father Edward Kustroń (until ca. 1930) • Father Jakub Półchłopek (1950s) • Father Benedykt Porzycki (1960s) • Father Alan Chrząstek (late 1960s) • Father (1989–1992) • Father (1992–1996) • Father Edward Staniukiewicz (1996–2000) • Father Stanisław Glista (2000–2008) • Father Zbigniew Kubit (2008–2016) • Father Bartosz Pawłowski (from 2016) During the operation of the Sanok parish at the parish church (until 1886), the then-vicar, later Bishop , began his priestly service (from September 1879 to the end of 1880). From 1899 to 1901, and again from 1938 to 1942, Father was a monk in the monastery; he died in the Auschwitz concentration camp. Father resided in the monastery from 1914 to 1935. In 1934, Father Władysław Bachuta was temporarily interned in the monastery. Others in the monastery included, among others: Father Hilary Pracz-Przyczyński (1929–1935), Father Wacław Niewodowski (–1953), Father Radosław Bulsiewicz (–1985), Father Salezy Kucharski (1928–2001), Father Franciszek Patryjak (1944–2005), Father (1919–2015). At the end of the 20th century, the monastery was served by Father Tadeusz Pobiedziński (until 1989), Father Marek Daukszewicz, Father Marek Andrzejewski, Father Anicet Sajek (the latter two were catechists at the Economic Schools Complex). Until 2017, the parish was served by Father Piotr Marszałkiewicz (catechist at the Karol Adamiecki School Complex No. 1 in Sanok, also a chaplain for the STS Sanok ice hockey club). Before 1913, the Sanok Franciscan convent was part of the Sanok branch of the Galician Economic Society. In 2009, the Sanok Franciscan fathers received the Sanok Mayor's Award. The tomb of the Sanok Franciscans is located at the Central Cemetery in Sanok. Since 4 October 1998, Jacek Szuba has been the organist at the church. == In culture ==
In culture
• Poet dedicated poems to two brothers from the monastery, published in the poetry collection Byli wśród nas – inni (They Were Among Us – Others) in 2000: Br. Zeno was commemorated in the poem Stare organy (Old Organ), and Br. Celestyn was honored in the poem Zakrystian (Sacristan). • Poet wrote a poem on 10 September 2006 titled Do sanockiej Pani (To the Lady of Sanok), celebrating the image of Our Lady of Consolation and the Franciscan church in Sanok. == References ==
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