Rahime Perestu Sultan

Of Circassian origin, Perestu was born in around 1830 to an Ubykh noble family, with the name Rahime Kadın. She had one sister, Mihrifidan Hanım (died 1865), who was the wife of Fazıl Bey, son of Yusuf Pasha. Esma Sultan, the daughter of Sultan Abdul Hamid I, lived in luxury in her Istanbul villa, but she spent a lot of her life in sadness due to her inability to conceive a child. As a result, she adopted a one year old child (Rahime), having reached satisfactory terms with the mother and father. As Esma's daughter, she had an adoptive sister, Nazif Hanım, adopted by Esma too. Rahime was said to be diminutive, delicate and graceful, so Esma renamed her Perestu, the Persian word for swallow. The Kalfas in Esma Sultan's villa behaved toward this child as though she were a daughter of an Ottoman Imperial Princess, and by way of her disposition and manners, they became devoted to her. Perestu was described as a beautiful woman, possessing a petite and slender figure with 'translucent white skin, blue eyes, golden blonde hair, and truly lovely hands and feet'. Sources also claim she had elegant and refined manners, was kindly, dignified and always spoke in a low voice, gaining affection and respect. ==Marriage==

One spring day in 1844, Abdulmejid came to visit his aunt and was passing through the harem gardens when he saw Perestu, then fourteen years old. The chronicles say that he was so impressed with her that her aunt asked him if he was okay. He asked his aunt to give her hand in marriage to him. Firstly, Esma Sultan refused to give Perestu's hand in marriage but later consented, provided that Perestu became his legal wife and not a consort in concubinage. One week after that, Perestu was sent off to the Topkapı Palace and became Abdulmejid's first legal wife. She was given the title of "Senior Ikbal". In 1845, she was elevated to "Sixth Kadın", in 1851, to "Fifth Kadın", and in 1861, to "Fourth Kadın". Perestu had no children of her own. In 1845, Cemile Sultan's mother Düzdidil Hanım died leaving her motherless aged two. Abdulmejid took her to Perestu, and entrusted her into her care. She also became the adoptive mother of Abdul Hamid II after the death of his own mother, Tirimüjgan Kadın in 1852. Thus, the two siblings grew up together in the same household and spent their childhoods with one another. After Abdulmejid's death in 1861, she settled in her villa in Maçka, Nişantaşı, which had been a gift presented to her by Sultan Abdulaziz. ==Children ==

Perestu had no biological children, but she adopted two of the Abdulmejid's children, a daughter and a son, who was birth by others consorts, when they lost their mothers: • Cemile Sultan (17 August 184326 February 1915). Her natural mother was Düzdidil Hanım, dead in 1845. She married once and had three sons and three daughters. • Abdul Hamid II (21 September 184210 February 1918). His natural mother was Tirimüjgan Kadın, dead in 1852. 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. ==As Valide Sultan==

After Abdul Hamid II ascended the throne in 1876, she was given the position of Valide Sultan, title due to the mother of the Sultan, by him, and headed the harem. Perestu was the first woman to have this title without being the Sultan's biological mother, and the last woman in history to bear it, since both Mehmed V and Mehmed VI, the last two Ottoman Sultans, were orphans on their ascent to the throne. Abdul Hamid told her categorically not to involve herself in politics. Thus, unlike many of her predecessors, she was not active in politics, because, although he valued his adoptive mother, he believed that the excessive interference of the previous Valide Sultans in politics had damaged the Empire. In 1879 she interceded with Abdul Hamid on behalf of his half-sister Mediha Sultan and her adoptive mother Verdicenan Kadın. Mediha Sultan wanted to marry the man she was in love with instead of accepting an arranged marriage, and she sought the help of the Valide Sultan in presenting her request to the Sultan. Abdul Hamid accepted the request. Three days before Abdul Hamid became Sultan, he went to Perestu's villa and kissed her hand, acknowledging her as his Valide Sultan, and it was from there that he proceeded to Topkapı Palace for the ceremony of homage at his accession. Perestu loved this house. Now and again she would want to go there, but because Abdul Hamid absolutely wanted her present in the palace he would withhold permission. In 1885, during the visit of King Oscar II and Queen Sophia of Sweden and Norway to the Ottoman Empire, she received the Swedish and Norwegian Queen, who was allowed to visit the Imperial harem. The internal matters of the palace were in her charge. But she did not want to hurt anyone's feelings in the least, did not interfere in the matters, sought justice and equity, and because she was firmly religious she passed a good deal of time in prayers. She possessed good, high moral standards, which led her to help the poor and needy. Abdul Hamid particularly wanted Perestu to attend the Royal Mosque Procession every Friday. Sometimes after the ceremony she would secretly slip out to her villa, but when Abdul Hamid learned of it, he immediately aided set off from the palace with a carriage and brought her back. In 1891, Perestu commissioned a fountain (sebil) in Bala Tekkesi, Silivrikapı and another fountain (çeşme) in the same place in 1895. ==Death==

Perestu died on 11 December 1904 in her mid 70s in her villa located at Maçka, Istanbul. The traditional service at which the Prophet's Nativity Poem is recited was held in her memory at the Shaziliya Dervish Convent and at the Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque. She lies at rest in the complex of Mihrişah Sultan in Eyüp, Istanbul. ==Honours==

• Order of the House of Osman • Order of Charity • Order of the Medjidie ==In literature and popular culture==

• Rahime Perestu Sultan is a character in Hıfzı Topuz's historical novel Abdülmecit: İmparatorluk Çökerken Sarayda 22 Yıl: Roman (2009). • Rahime Perestu Sultan is a character in Tim Symonds' historical novel Sherlock Holmes and The Sword of Osman (2015). • In the 2017 TV series Payitaht: Abdülhamid, Rahime Perestu Sultan is portrayed by Turkish actress Şefika Ümit Tolun.{{Citation|title=Payitaht Abdülhamid - Rahime Perestu Valide Sultan - Şefika Ümit Tolun Kimdir (Gerçek İsmi, Rolü, Öldü mü, Ayrıldı mı) ==See also==