.
R. telescopica presents an extreme form of
sexual dimorphism. Males of
Richardia telescopica display characteristic "eyestalks", a form of hypercephaly—an exaggerated lateral extension of the eyes away from the head—whereas females show limited hypercephaly. Hypercephaly evolved in several insect orders, including
Hymenoptera,
Heteroptera, and
Diptera and has arisen at least 21 times among flies. Other species in genus
Richardia with hypercephaly as a dimorphic trait include
Richardia stylops and
Richardia chocoensis. ==References==