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Roundway Down and Covert

Roundway Down and Covert is an area of sloping chalk grassland close to the hamlet of Roundway, near Devizes in Wiltshire, England. It is part of the North Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. At the summit of the slope are ancient earthworks, evidence of a Bronze Age human settlement and Iron Age hillfort.

Hillfort
Archaeological remains of a univallate hillfort exist at the top of Roundway Hill, a chalk escarpment. The fortifications are thought to date from between the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (between the eighth and fifth century BC). The site consists of a triangular central area of approximately enclosed by a single rampart, ditch and counterscarp bank. The north and south sides have steep natural slopes, and so the remains of the main defences are found on the eastern side. Also situated on the summit are two bowl barrows (types of tumuli). In 1907, the archaeologists Maud Cunnington and Ben Cunnington excavated the site. They found evidence of an older Bronze Age settlement below the hillfort, and artefacts such as Romano-British pottery, antler and animal bone suggested that the site had been a centre of human activity for a prolonged period. Excavations in the bowl barrows revealed evidence of a cremation, along with an incense cup, perforated conical buttons and secondary urn burials, flints, and Bronze Age and Romano-British pottery. Further excavations in 1977 revealed more artefacts, along with evidence that the barrows were at one time incorporated into the hillfort's outer ramparts. The hillfort was designated a scheduled monument in 1964. ==Civil War==
Civil War
During the First English Civil War, Roundway Down became the site of a noted battle. On 13 July 1643, a Royalist cavalry force under Lord Wilmot fought the Parliamentarian Army of the West under Sir William Waller in the Battle of Roundway Down. The Parliamentarian forces were defeated and at the end of the battle, a large number of their fleeing cavalry rode over the cliff to their deaths. The ditch at the bottom was given the name "Bloody Ditch" as a result of this rout, while the hillfort is now known as "Oliver’s Camp" or "Oliver’s Castle" (after Oliver Cromwell). ==Site of Special Scientific Interest==
Site of Special Scientific Interest
The site was notified as a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1971. The escarpment is noted as a habitat for rare wildflower species such as bastard toadflax, early gentian, field fleawort and round-headed rampion, as well as a range of insects, including over 30 types of butterfly. == Watershed ==
Watershed
Roundway Down contains the hydrological triple divide of Great Britain, where rainfall drains into the English Channel (via the Salisbury Avon), the Atlantic Ocean (via the Bristol Avon and Severn Estuary) and the North Sea (via the Kennet and Thames). The precise point of this principal watershed of southern England is within Leipzig Plantation. ==Devizes White Horse==
Devizes White Horse
To the south-east of Roundway Down on Bank Field is the Devizes Millennium White Horse, a chalk hill figure of a horse which was carved into the hillside in 1999. ==Landscape features==
Landscape features
Cows at Netherstreet Farm - geograph.org.uk - 186283.jpg|View of the hill fort Beacon Hill, near Heddington - geograph.org.uk - 1535586.jpg|Beacon Hill, to the north Access land west of the Mid Wilts Way near Heddington - geograph.org.uk - 1535578.jpg|The chalk escarpment 'Bloody Ditch', Beacon Hill, near Heddington - geograph.org.uk - 1537986.jpg|"Bloody Ditch" File:Devizes White Horse (geograph 4250140).jpg|The Devizes White Horse ==Sources==
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