The Rubenid dynasty was established when Ruben's great-grandson, Thoros, was appointed governor of a region in Cilicia by the Byzantine Emperor. Thoros expanded his territory and declared himself the ruler of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in 1080. The Rubenids continued to rule Cilicia for over a century, with various members of the family taking the throne. Under the Rubenids, the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia flourished culturally and economically, with a vibrant artistic and literary scene. The Rubenid rulers also maintained close ties with the Crusaders, who recognized Cilicia as a Christian ally in the region. However, the kingdom ultimately fell to the Mamluk Sultanate in 1375. The new Armenian state established very close relations with European countries and played a very important role during the
Crusades, providing the
Christian armies a haven and provisions on their way towards
Jerusalem. Intermarriage with European crusading families was common, and European religious, political, and cultural influence was strong. == Rubenid princes of Armenia ==