The Rue de Rivoli is an example of a transitional compromise between an environment of prestigious monuments and aristocratic squares, and the results of modern town-planning by municipal authorities. The new street that Napoleon developed through the heart of Paris includes on one side the north wing of the
Louvre Palace, (which Napoleon extended) and the
Tuileries Gardens. Upon completion, it was the first time that a wide, well designed and aesthetically pleasing street bound the north wing of the Louvre Palace. Napoleon's original section of the street opened up eastward from the
Place de la Concorde. Builders on the north side of the Place Louis XV, (as it then was named) between the Rue de Mondovi and Rue Saint-Florentin, had been constrained by letters patent in 1757 and 1758 to follow a single
façade plan. The result was a pleasing uniformity, and Napoleon's planners extended a similar program, which resulted in the arcades and facades that extend for almost a mile along the street. The
restored Bourbon King Charles X continued the Rue de Rivoli eastwards from the Louvre, as did
King Louis-Philippe. Finally,
Emperor Napoleon III extended it into the 17th-century quarter of
Le Marais (see:
Right Bank). Beneath the Rue de Rivoli runs one of the main brick-vaulted, oval-sectioned
sewers of Paris' much-imitated system, with its sidewalks for the sewer workers. In 1852, opposite the wing of the Louvre,
Baron Haussmann enlarged the Place du Palais-Royal that is centred on the
Baroque Palais Royal, built for
Cardinal Richelieu in 1624 and willed to the royal family, with its garden surrounded by fashionable commercial arcades. At the rear of the garden is the older branch of the
Bibliothèque Nationale, in the Rue Richelieu. North of the Rue de Rivoli, at the point where the
Grands Boulevards crossed an enormous new square, the new
opera house was built. The
Opera Garnier is a monument to the construction of the
Second Empire. Just behind the opera house can be found the largest
department stores, such as the
Galeries Lafayette and
Printemps. East along the Rue de Rivoli, at the
Place des Pyramides, is the
gilded statue of
Joan of Arc, situated close to where she was wounded at the Saint-Honoré
Gate in her unsuccessful attack on
English-held Paris, on September 8, 1429. A little further along, towards the
Place de la Concorde, the Rue de Castiglione leads to the
Place Vendôme, with its Vendôme Column surmounted by the effigy of Napoleon Bonaparte. He began the building of the street in 1802; it was completed in 1865. A plaque at no. 144 commemorates the assassination there of the
Huguenot leader Admiral
Gaspard II de Coligny, in the
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572. ==See also==