The first wave of Russians moving to Brazil refers to the period from 1921 to the late 1930s. The arrival of general Wrangel's
soldiers and officers, in 1921. The resettlement of Russian-speaking
farmers from Romanian Bessarabia in 1923-1930s. And the 'secondary' migration of Nansen refugees from
Europe during the 1930s. The second wave represents the post-war subsidized migration of Russian displaced persons, and the third one is the resettlement of the Russians from China during the 1950s. It is also noted that anti-
Soviet sentiments in Brazilian politics, starting from the mid-1930s, had a negative impact on preservation of the
Russian language and
Russian culture in the country. . in
Rio de Janeiro. and
Jair Bolsonaro in
Brasília during the
BRICS meeting.
Paraná is a state that received a significant number of
Russian immigrants. Cities such as
Curitiba,
Ponta Grossa and
Londrina registered the presence of Russian families who immigrated to
Brazil. The
Campos Gerais region of Paraná was covered by three main nuclei of Russian-German colonies on the
Volga. In Ponta Grossa “Otávia”, in Palmeira “Sinimbú” and in Lapa the colonies of “Marienthal”, “Johannesdorf” and “Virmond”. Between 1877 and 1878, 2381 German-Russians arrived in Ponta Grossa and settled in the Octávio Colony, subdivided into 17 rural areas, far from the urban center. At the same time, Colônia Sinimbú de Palmeira received 240 families from
Volga Germans, 471
Catholics and 291
Protestants. The families were divided into Catholic and Protestant groups such as: Pugas, Lago, Santa Quitéria, Alegrete, Papagaios Novos and Quero-Quero. Immigrant families from
Russia arrived in
Curitiba in 1912 and joined other
Slavic and
Germanic communities. In 1958, the Ponta Grossa region received about 100 people fleeing the
Russian Revolution and founded the Santa Cruz Colony. The community still preserves the Orthodox culture, calendar, language and religion. It is common in the community to use typical clothes in everyday life, where women wear long dresses. Married women wear a headscarf and single women wear braided hair. Men, on the other hand, grow beards and adopt white shirts, long pants and a rope belt tied around their waists. The first
Russians who arrived in the state of
São Paulo disembarked at the
port of Santos in 1905 and headed inland. The families founded a colony at Fazenda Pombal, in the municipality of
Nova Odessa. The initiative was encouraged by the government, as well as by the Secretary of Agriculture, under the command of Carlos Botelho, who from 1904 onwards implemented a policy of creating colonial nuclei in the interior of the state. From 1905 onwards, the colony of Nova Odessa began to receive new groups of Russian immigrants, in addition to
Ukrainians and
Latvians, accounting for about 300 people. Later, many who arrived in the agricultural colony and who had no aptitude for agriculture ended up migrating to the cities. Between 1947 and 1949, about 760
Russians and 808 stateless persons entered the state of
São Paulo. Between 1947 and 1958 approximately 1840 Russians entered in São Paulo. Of these, 949 Russian immigrants went to the city of
São Paulo. Other cities around São Paulo also received Russian immigrants:
São Caetano do Sul 72 immigrants,
Osasco 60 immigrants,
Santo André 34 immigrants,
Guarulhos 15 immigrants,
Carapicuíba 12 immigrants,
Jundiaí 10 immigrants,
Campinas 9 immigrants,
Mogi das Cruzes 8 immigrants and
Amparo 6 Russians. The majority of Russians of that period did not develop agricultural activities and were absorbed by the labor of the
industrial poles of the state. In the capital of São Paulo, Russian families were concentrated in several neighborhoods of the city, such as:
Barra Funda,
Indianópolis,
Ipiranga, Vila Alpina, Vila Anastácio,
Vila Bela,
Vila Maria, and
Vila Zelina. In Vila Zelina, in the East Zone region, a large community of descendants of immigrants from
Eastern European countries was formed, including many Russian families. In the capital, since 1931 there has been the Russian Orthodox Parish of Santíssima Trindade, in Vila Alpina. Several
Russian Orthodox churches were built in the region, as in Carapicuíba built in 1949, and in
Moema and Indianópolis, built in 1952. The Vila Zelina church was built by the Russian community only in 1962. Records recorded that between 1909 and 1912, 19,525
Russian immigrants entered
Rio Grande do Sul. In 1909, Russian families from the
Siberian region arrived in Rio Grande do Sul and settled in the interior of the state. These Russians were
farmers and were looking for a region where they could grow food, so they founded a colony in the northwest region, 400 km from
Porto Alegre. Subsequently, the region also received German immigrants and the colonies gave rise to the municipality of
Campina das Missões, where approximately 1,500 people are descendants of Russian settlers according to information from the year 2018. One of the first
Russian Orthodox churches in
Brazil was built in the colony of
Campina das Missões in 1912, which, along with religiosity, also maintains the language, being taught to children. In the 1970s, a group of approximately 350 families of
Russian Old Believers left Colônia Santa Cruz, in
Ponta Grossa, and founded Colônia Russa, in the municipality of
Poxoréu. Years later, the colony area was dismembered along with the district giving rise to the municipality of
Primavera do Leste, in the state of
Mato Grosso. The settlers occupied the region as they were motivated by the colonization incentive and the feasibility of acquiring land at affordable prices. The area of the colony is estimated at 60 thousand hectares. Initially, they developed family farming and later joined
agribusiness, cultivating soybeans, as well as beans, corn, cotton and sunflower. Some families also dedicate themselves to livestock. In the 2010s, the community consisted of approximately 120 families. Many families also remigrated to other regions of Brazil. ==See also==