Joanna, wife of Chuza

Joanna is identified as "the wife of Chuza", steward to Herod Antipas, when she is listed as one of the women "cured of evil spirits and infirmities" who accompanied Jesus and the Apostles, and "provided for Him from their substance" in Luke 8:2–3. In Luke 24:10, Joanna is mentioned by name, along with Mary Magdalene and Mary of Clopas, as among the women who took spices to Jesus' tomb and found the stone rolled away and the tomb empty. The accounts in the other synoptic gospels do not mention Joanna as one of the group of women who observe Jesus' burial and testify to his Resurrection. ==Holy Myrrhbearer traditions==

In Orthodox tradition, she is honored as "Saint Joanna the Myrrhbearer" () and is commemorated among the eight women who carried myrrh on the "Sunday of the Myrrhbearers", two Sundays after Pascha (Orthodox Easter). From this commemoration, in the revised Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, she is commemorated as one of the Holy Myrrhbearers on August 3, together with other women present at the tomb of Jesus in New Testament accounts. These include Mary of Clopas (also called Mary, the mother of James the Less and Joses) and Salome. Joanna is also commemorated in the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church of the United States on August 3, with one of the Lesser Feasts and Fasts of 2022, "Joanna, Mary, and Salome, Myrrh-Bearing Women". ==Significance==

Although not mentioned by name, Joanna is seen as one of the women who joined the disciples and Mary, mother of Jesus, in the upper room in prayer. She was believed to be among the group of 120 who chose Matthias the Apostle to fill the vacancy left by Judas Iscariot, as well as being present on the Day of Pentecost. In his book, Gospel Women, Richard Bauckham notes that in Luke 24, Joanna's name appears at the very center of a chiastic structure which is a literary device in an A-B-C-B-A pattern. The fact that Joanna's name appears at the center of a chiasm in this part of Luke's resurrection account indicates that for some reason, she was being presented as a centrally important character or witness. One possible explanation for this relates to the discovery of a first-century ossuary in Jerusalem belonging to a woman named "Joanna" who was the granddaughter of "Theophilus the high priest". If this is the same woman mentioned by Luke, her role as a key witness to the empty tomb could be explained by the fact that in Luke 1:3, he wrote to a "most excellent Theophilus", and as Theophilus's granddaughter, Joanna would have been someone Luke loved and trusted. ==Identification with Junia==

Richard Bauckham argues for identifying Joanna, the wife of Chuza, with the Junia mentioned in Paul's letter to the Romans 16:7, "Joanna" being her Jewish name, and "Junia" her Roman. Joanna is mentioned as one of the members of the ministry of Jesus in the Gospel of Luke, travelling with him among the other twelve and some other women, city to city. Joanna is also mentioned alongside Mary Magdalene and other women as those who first visited the tomb and found it to be empty, and it is to this group of women, including Joanna, that Jesus first appears and instructs to tell the disciples to meet him in Galilee in Matthew 28:8-10. Bauckham notes that Paul describes Junia as having been a member of the Christian community prior to him, and given that Paul himself converted within three years of the death of Jesus, that would require Junia to have been a member of the community from a very early period. Whereas Joanna is a Hellenized, Grecian, adaptation of a Hebrew name, Junia is a Latin name. Jews often adopted a second, Latin name that were nearly sound equivalents to their original name. Joanna and Junia act as near sound equivalents in the native languages, which Bauckham says is indicative of the identification between the two. Finally, Paul describes Junia as being "prominent among the apostles". Given that Junia is described as an earliest member of the community, and as one of the most prominent members, that she is not named elsewhere is indicative, as Bauckham argues, that she and Joanna are the same individual, given Joanna's high prominence during the ministry of Jesus. ==In popular culture==

• Joanna, wife of Chuza () is a verse drama by Ukrainian writer Lesya Ukrainka, first published in 1909. • In the 2015 television miniseries Killing Jesus Rotem Zissman-Cohen plays Joanna. • In the 2015 television miniseries A.D. The Bible Continues, Joanna is portrayed by . She is deeply moved by the Sermon on the Mount and helps Andrew meet the imprisoned John the Baptizer. In the fourth season she announces John's execution to the other disciples. ==See also==