(self-portrait circa 1645)
Salvator Rosa was Gomes' fifth opera and the third to have its world premiere in Italy. He and his librettist,
Ghislanzoni, had originally wanted to call the opera
Masaniello, after
Eugène de Mirecourt's novel on which it is based. However,
Auber's 1828,
La muette de Portici set in the same historical period, was already known in Italy by that name. Instead, Ghislanzoni made
Salvator Rosa (a secondary character in de Mirecourt's novel) the chief protagonist. The central love affair between Isabella and
Masaniello in the novel became one between Salvator Rosa and Isabella in the opera. Like many fictional works based on the life of Salvator Rosa, de Mirecourt's novel derived from an 1824 biography of the painter by
Lady Morgan,
The Life and Times of Salvator Rosa, which perpetuated the legends that Rosa had been imprisoned by bandits when he was a young man and that he returned to Naples in 1647 to aid Masaniello in his
revolt against Spanish rule. It is the latter legend which forms the basis of Ghislanzoni's libretto.
Salvator Rosa premiered at the
Teatro Carlo Felice on 21 March 1874 in a performance conducted by Giovanni Rossi with Guglielmo Anastasi in the title role,
Leone Giraldoni as Masaniello,
Romilda Pantaleoni as Isabella, and the French bass as her father, the Duke of Arcos. Following the Genoa premiere, the opera was performed in Italy at the
Teatro Regio (Turin) (1875), the
Teatro Riccardi in Bergamo (1876), and the
Teatro Regio (Parma) (1882). In South America, it was first performed in Uruguay at the
Teatro Solis in 1876, but it was another six years before the opera was performed in Brazil, Gomes' native country. The Brazilian premiere took place in the city of
Belém on 29 July 1882. Although largely forgotten now apart from its great aria for
bass, "Di sposo, di padre", the opera's rare 20th century revivals include those in Rio de Janeiro at the
Theatro Municipal in 1946 (attended by Gomes' daughter and broadcast on Brazilian radio), São Paulo at the
Theatro Municipal in 1977, and at New York City's
Amato Opera in 1987. The opera was revived again in 2000 with the
Dorset Opera,
Fernando del Valle in the title role, and 2004 at the
Festival della Valle d'Itria in
Martina Franca. ==Roles==