Studies The
Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES), an election survey of about 50,000 people, found that 12% of Sanders voters voted for Trump in 2016. In the states of
Michigan,
Pennsylvania, and
Wisconsin, the number of Sanders–Trump voters was more than two times Trump's margin of victory in those states. Others, including political scientist
Brian Schaffner, who served as a co-Principal Investigator in the CCES survey, have said that Trump's margin of victory was small enough that Sanders–Trump voters were merely one voting bloc out of many that could have decided the outcome, and that "defections" between a primary and a general election are quite common. Unlike the CCES survey, these surveys did not validate the turnout of those surveyed, Data from the VOTER survey showed that only 35% of Sanders–Trump voters voted for Democratic incumbent
Barack Obama in the
2012 election; in contrast, 95% of Sanders–Clinton voters voted for Obama in 2012. In 2020, Schaffner suggested that Sanders' appeal to Sanders–Trump voters in 2016 was due to his outsider status, his populist policies, and his targeting of issues which affected groups of people Trump attempted to court in his 2016 campaign. == 2020 election ==