Early in his career, Sheikh Mohammed worked as an economic researcher at the Ruling Family Council in 2003 where he later served as the Director of Economic Affairs from 2005 to 2009. In 2011, Sheikh Mohammed became the chairman of the executive committee of the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and chairman of the Board of Directors of Aspire – Katara Investment Company. In 2013, Sheikh Mohammed joined the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs as Assistant Foreign Minister for International Cooperation Affairs, having attained the career rank of
Undersecretary the year before. His policies focused on promoting multilateral cooperation, implementing Qatar's foreign development policy, and applying international cooperation strategies based on the
Qatar National Vision 2030.
Premiership on 5 March 2023 in Amman, Jordan on 4 November 2023 in Doha, Qatar on 19 December 2023 On 7 March 2023, in a cabinet reshuffle, through
Amiri Decree No. (2) of 2023, he was appointed as the
Prime Minister of Qatar. On 1 November 2023, Qatar mediated an agreement between Egypt, Israel, and Hamas. This agreement, which was coordinated with the U.S., enabled the evacuation of civilians from besieged Gaza. Sheikh Mohammed met with CIA Director
William J. Burns and head of Mossad
David Barnea in Qatar in November. They extended the
2023 Gaza war ceasefire by two days and organised the exchange of more than 100 Israeli hostages for 240 Palestinian prisoners. Sheikh Mohammed condemned Israel's bombing of the
Gaza Strip and called for an "immediate, comprehensive and impartial international investigation" into what he called
Israeli crimes in Gaza. In late January 2024, Sheikh Mohammed met US officials in an effort to continue ceasefire negotiations in
Washington, D.C. and welcomed US Secretary
Antony Blinken in Doha on 6 February 2024. With Qatar and Egypt as mediators, Hamas proposed a deal which would include the release of all Israeli hostages in Gaza and hundreds of Palestinians held in Israeli prisons, and an end to the war. On 7 February 2024,
Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu rejected the proposal. The humanitarian efforts by Mohammed and Emir Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani were praised by various global leaders, such as Antony Blinken, Canadian prime minister
Justin Trudeau, US president
Joe Biden and the
EU's high representative for foreign affairs
Josep Borrell.
TIME magazine recognized Sheikh Mohammed as one of the "100 Most Influential People" in the world for 2024. According to the magazine, Sheikh Mohammed's inclusion in the list is attributed to his notable role in the negotiations between Hamas and Israel. In January 2025, Sheikh Mohammed facilitated negotiations that led to
a ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas after over a year of conflict in Gaza. Under his mediation, Qatari officials hosted talks in Doha, resulting in a truce involving a hostage-prisoner exchange and measures to address the humanitarian situation in the region. In February 2025, Sheikh Mohammed visited Beirut, Lebanon, reaffirming Qatar's support for the country. During his one-day visit, Al Thani met with Lebanese officials, including President
Joseph Aoun, Parliament Speaker
Nabih Berri, Prime Minister-designate
Nawaf Salam, and caretaker Prime Minister
Najib Mikati. He pledged Qatar's active involvement in Lebanon's reconstruction, particularly in the southern region affected by the recent conflict with Israel.
Role as Chairman of Qatar Fund For Development (QFFD) Sheikh Mohammed became the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the
Qatar Fund for Development (QFFD) in 2014. His appointment coincided with a major restructuring of the fund, which he spearheaded. He served in this capacity for a decade until 2024, when he was succeeded by Sheikh Thani bin Hamad Al Thani. Several humanitarian and development initiatives were launched by the Fund during his tenure, including the "Qatar Creates Vision" initiative in India and Bangladesh, the "Quest" initiative for educating displaced Syrians and refugees in Syria and neighboring countries, and the "Business Incubator Laboratories" initiative in cooperation with the United Nations Development Program.
Role as Chairman of Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) Sheikh Mohammed served as chairman of the
Qatar Investment Authority from 2018 to 2023. ==Awards and honours==