China Reproduction-based sex was urged by
Mao Zedong, but later politicians instituted a
one-child policy. In a country where atheism is popular, the restriction cannot be ascribed to religion but to nationalist motives.
Sexual revolution Within the past few decades, China has undergone major changes (known as the sexual revolution) in society that have affected their outlook on sex. Li Yinhe, China's first female sexologist, observed that prior to the sexual revolution, very few couples would engage in premarital sex. These observations were accredited to the fact that, until 1997, premarital sex in China was considered illegal and offenders could be prosecuted. Furthermore, China's stance on sexuality before the sexual revolution was quite harsh in comparison to standards set by Western governments. China had previously banned the publication of pornography, organization of sex parties and prostitution, and even writing about sex. In addition, Chinese law does not legally protect the LGBT community from discrimination in the workplace.
Japan A Durex survey performed internationally resulted in Japan being the only country where more people have expressed discontent with their sex lives than those that have expressed fulfilling sex lives, an important major reason being that they are simply not having sex. Homebuilders in Japan have also observed that more than a third of homes built feature separated bedrooms for married couples, suggesting that even married couples are less inclined to have sex than married couples in other cultures. Near the end of the Soviet Union, however, the country would undergo major changes when it came to sex. Organizations and media such as
Tema and
The Moscow Association of Lesbian Literature and Arts, which focused on sexual liberation, were created and promoted the discussion of sex in Russian society. However, religious and conservative lobbying groups as well as the influence of
neo-eugenics created push back on some other forms of birth control such as
emergency contraception and
tubal ligation. Emergency contraception was being developed and produced by
Hoechst under the name
RU-486. Conservative lobbyist groups with ties to various religious powers such as the
Vatican, originally were promoting limiting healthcare coverage of items such as birth control, and once RU-486 was made public knowledge, these groups actively worked to threaten Hoechst by claiming they would cause the company financial hardship if they did not cease all activity pertaining to RU-486. In terms of more permanent forms of birth control such as tubal ligation and
hysterectomies, there has been a long history of
eugenicists pushing for forced sterilization of non Anglo-Saxon or lower-class women. This stemmed from a belief that this would contribute to the betterment of American society. However, neo-eugenics, which is the more modern iteration of the eugenics movement, additionally works to limit access of procedures of sterilization from those they deem "fit" to reproduce. The demographic targeted for this are mostly white middle-class women.
Sex education During the late 1990s and the
Bush administration (2000–2008)
abstinence-only sex education groups were given considerable government funding to develop programming for schools. These groups were mostly represented by Christians who believed it to be their responsibility to address what they deemed as society's regressions towards a sex-based culture. Abstinence advocates generally focus on prohibiting sexual contact before heterosexual marriage. This has been linked to instigating a culture of sexual repressiveness affecting adolescent sexual behaviors, regardless of their sexuality. Research concerning the effectiveness of different forms of sex education for adolescents shows the highest success from comprehensive sex education. Characteristics of comprehensive sex education include informing students on the forms of birth control and how to use them, and sexual anatomy. The
Obama administration (2008–2016) worked towards promotion of comprehensive sex education programming and pulled much of the government funding supporting abstinence-only program development. ==Symptoms of sexual repression==