Sayyid Ahmed Gailani was born in 1932 in
Surkh-Rōd District,
Nangarhar Province. His family are descended from
Abdul-Qadir Gilani, the founder of the Qadiriyyah Sufi order. His father,
Sayyid Hasan Gailani, was born in
Baghdad before moving to Afghanistan in 1905 in order to establish the Qadiriyyah order in that country. Amir
Habibullah Khan gave him land in Kabul and the eastern
Nangarhar Province. Ahmed Gailani was born in the
Surkh-Rōd District of
Nangarhar Province of Afghanistan, where he remains a significant figure. He studied at Abu Hanifa College in Kabul, before graduating at the Faculty of Theology of
Kabul University in 1960. In 1952, he reinforced his family's close ties to the Afghan royal family by marrying Adela, a granddaughter of Amir Habibullah. Prior to the war, Gailani invested more time in his business career than in the leadership of his Sufi
tariqah, often travelling to France and England. Through his connection with the monarchy, he was able to obtain the
Peugeot dealership in Kabul. In 1979, after the communist
PDPA had come to power, Pir Gailani fled to
Pakistan where he created the
National Islamic Front of Afghanistan, a moderate
royalist faction. This party was one of the seven used by the Pakistani
ISI for distributing
CIA-funded weapons to the mujahideen fighting the Soviet occupation. NIFA had the most liberal stance of all the Peshawar parties, and it supported the return of King
Zahir Shah from exile. Gailani's constituency was drawn from the following of the Qadiryyah, and his group functioned like a Sufi order, greatly hampering its efficiency as a political and military organisation. The followers of the pir always expected to interact with him personally, which meant that the party functioned like a
court, centered on Gailani and his children, rather than like a modern party. No decision was ever delegated. The quantity of weapons a NIFA mujahideen commander could expect to receive depended mostly on his personal relation with the pir. Also the pir's tradition of generosity led to many abuses, with many party officials receiving essentially fictitious posts through personal contacts. Despite this, NIFA remained the most popular party among the
Afghan refugees living in Pakistan. A poll carried out in 1987 revealed that 456 refugees out of a sample of 2,000 supported NIFA, which was the highest score of any of the mujahideen parties. By contrast, the Pakistanis, judging the group inefficient allocated NIFA only 10-11 percent of the weapons procured by the CIA, with a much larger share going to Islamist groups, in particular
Hekmatyar's
Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin. However, the sample of this survey has been noted as suspect, since it mostly included "educated" refugees and thereby ignored the many refugees that were illiterate or poor. The educated class was more favourable towards Zahir and thereby NIFA. (Citation, Gilles Dorronsoro, Revolution Unending, 2005). Outside of the ISI, Gailani had few links with foreign patrons (unlike the Islamists who had ties in the Arab world), but he did receive some support from American conservative lobbying groups such as the Committee for a Free Afghanistan, an emanation of
the Heritage Foundation, and
Freedom House. He was also associated with
Lord Bethell of the London-based
Radio Free Kabul. In October 2001, Pir Ahmed Gailani headed a group of Afghan leaders, the
Assembly for Peace and National Unity of Afghanistan, which attempted to win over moderate elements in the Taliban. == Death ==