Shinyo (suicide motorboat)

Towards the end of 1943, in response to unfavorable progress in the war, the Japanese high command heard suggestions for various suicide craft. These suggestions were initially rejected as "defeatist" but later deemed necessary. For the naval department this meant kamikaze planes, kaiten submarines, fukuryu suicide divers or human naval mines, and shinyo suicide boats. The program began in March 1944. The first vessels were tested on 27 May, after which it was decided that the original steel hull design would be replaced by a wooden hull due to the Japanese steel shortage. On 1 August, 150 students, on average 17 years old, elected to begin training for the Shinyo. The main operative use took place during the Philippines Campaign of 1944–45. By September 1945, substantial numbers of these craft had been deployed to various locations throughout the Japanese Empire. Around 400 boats were transported to Okinawa and Formosa, and the rest were stored on the coast of Japan for the ultimate defense against the expected invasion of the Home islands. In Hong Kong, several shinyo boats laden with explosives were discovered at Sok Kwu Wan (Picnic Bay) on Lamma Island, positioned and ready for deployment against Allied forces. ==Characteristics==

The shinyo were single-operator fast motorboats capable of reaching speeds of approximately . They were equipped with a bow-mounted explosive charge of up to that could be detonated either on impact or manually by the pilot. The boats also carried two anti-ship rockets mounted on launchers positioned on either side behind the driver. Production totaled 6,197 shinyo boats for the Imperial Japanese Navy and 3,000 Maru-ni craft for the Imperial Japanese Army. The similar Maru-Ni, operated by the Imperial Japanese Army, were equipped with two depth charges and were not actually suicide boats, as the concept involved dropping the depth charges and escaping before detonation. Although survival chances against the blast wave appeared slim, a small number of crewmen successfully escaped. The depth charges were designated as the Experimental Manufacture Use 120 kg Depth Charge and were armed by a delayed-action pull igniter. ==Operational results==

• January 10, 1945: Sinking of American ships USS LCI(G)-365 (Landing Craft Infantry – Gunboat), USS LCI(M)-974 (Landing Craft Infantry – Mortar) and crippling of USS War Hawk (an auxiliary transport) in Lingayen Gulf, Luzon, Philippines. • January 31, 1945: Sinking of (Submarine chaser) off Nasugbu in Luzon, Philippines. • February 16, 1945: Sinking of USS LCS(L)-7 (Landing Craft Support – Large), LCS(L)-26, and LCS(L)-49 off Mariveles, Corregidor Channel, Luzon. • April 4, 1945: Sinking of USS LCI(G)-82 (Landing Craft Infantry – Gunboat) and (Landing Ship Medium) off Okinawa. • April 9, 1945: Damaging of . • April 27, 1945: Crippling of in Buckner Bay, Okinawa. • May 4, 1945: Damaging of in the north end of Buckner Bay, Okinawa. ==See also==