The
siege took place following the capture of
Aqrah another city under Bahdinan, Mir Muhammad advanced toward Amadiya, the principal stronghold of the Bahdinan emirate. The city was naturally fortified by steep cliffs and had long been regarded as one of the most defensible positions in the region. Despite these advantages, Bahdinan forces were weakened by prior defeats and lacked sufficient manpower to withstand prolonged resistance. Accounts indicate that
Mir Muhammad’s forces surrounded the city and initiated a siege designed to force
surrender rather than rely solely on direct assault. The pressure exerted by continuous military presence, combined with shortages inside the city, contributed to the weakening of resistance among the defenders. After a brief siege. He overthrew Mir Said, installing a Bahdinani puppet in his stead. He also acquired
Zakho and
Duhok. The
Jewish population was affected by
violence and
looting. They “were treated with merciless cruelty and oppression." Many were
forced to migrate and some fled the city after its fall. Similar reports are mentioned for other towns under his control, including
Ranya,
Khoy,
Erbil,
Aqra, and
Zakho. Following the defeat of Mir Muhammad, Amadiya came under the rule of the
Ottoman governor of Mosul. The situation of the Jewish community improved slightly. (See
Mir Muhammad for further information) == Aftermath ==