Austria •
Innsbruck. The astronomical clock in the gable of 17–19 Maria-Theresien-Strasse is a 20th-century copy of the astronomical clock of the
Ulm Rathaus in
Germany. •
Peuerbach. The facade of Peuerbach Town Hall features an astrolabe clock, an enlarged copy of
Georg von Peuerbach's original
astrolabe of 1457.
Belgium •
Lier. The
Zimmer tower houses an astronomical clock installed by
Louis Zimmer in 1930. On twelve dials surrounding a central clockface, it gives indications including the time around the world, the date, the moon phase, and the
equation of time, and includes a
tide clock. • . The was constructed by self-taught Lucien Charloteaux between 1896 and 1912. A domestic clock housed in a wooden case, it gives indications including the solar, mean and sidereal time around the world, the positions of the constellations and planets, and the appearance of
Halley's Comet. •
Sint-Truiden. The astronomical clock constructed by between 1937 and 1942 is now housed in the
Festraets Museum. File:Zimmertoren in Lier Belgium.jpg|
Zimmer tower in
Lier, Belgium File:Sint-Truiden, Begijnhof, museum02.jpg|
Sint-Truiden clock
Croatia •
Dubrovnik. The
Dubrovnik Bell Tower constructed in 1444 has housed a clock since its creation, though due to earthquake damage, both the tower and the clock were replaced in 1929. A rotating moon ball shows the lunar phase. File:Dubrovnik (128).JPG|Dubrovnik
Czech Republic •
Prague. The
Prague astronomical clock at the Old Town Hall is one of the most famous astronomical clocks. The central section was completed in 1410, the calendar dial was added in 1490. The clock was renovated after damage during
World War II, and in 1979. On the hour, Death strikes the time, and the twelve apostles appear at the doors above the clock. •
Olomouc. The
Olomouc astronomical clock at the Town Hall is a rare example of a
heliocentric astronomical clock. Dated 1422 by legend, but first mentioned in history in 1517, the clock was remodelled approximately once every century; in 1898 the astrolabe was replaced with a heliocentric model of the solar system. Badly damaged by the retreating German army in 1945, the clock was remodelled in
socialist realism style in 1955, under the Communist government. The religious and royal figures were replaced with athletes, workers, farmers, scientists, and other members of the proletariat. •
Litomyšl. The tower of the Old Town Hall has an art nouveau astronomical clock, installed in 1907. •
Prostějov. The astronomical clock in the tower of the New Town Hall was installed in 1910. •
Kryštofovo Údolí. The
Kryštofovo Údolí astronomical clock is a modern astronomical clock (inaugurated in 2008), built-in a former
electrical substation. •
Hojsova Stráž. An astronomical clock in the
Bohemian Forest was inaugurated in 2017. It has a concentric dial showing the 24-hour time, the date and zodiac, and the moon phase, and a star map dial with a dragon hand, and indicates the time of sunrise and sunset. •
Třebíč. At the Třebíč Astronomical Observatory, a modern astronomical clock which shows the time in world cities, the time of sunrise and sunset, the date and zodiac, and the orbits of the planets. •
Žatec. The , a museum and amusement complex dedicated to beer, has an astronomical clock on which the zodiac indication illustrates the annual processes of beer production. File:Astronomical Clock (8341899828).jpg|
Prague astronomical clock File:Olomouc Astronomical Clock.jpg|
Olomouc astronomical clock File:Radnice Nová (Prostějov), hodiny.JPG|
Prostějov clock File:Krystofovo-Udoli-Orloj.jpg|
Kryštofovo Údolí astronomical clock File:Orloj Šumava.jpg|
Hojsova Stráž clock File:8 Chmelovy orloj www.fotospoust.cz.jpg|
Žatec clock
Denmark •
Copenhagen.
Jens Olsen's World Clock in
Copenhagen City Hall was designed by
Jens Olsen and assembled from 1948 to 1955. File:Jens Olsens front.jpg|Jens Olsen's World Clock, Copenhagen
France •
Auxerre. The 15th-century clock in the has a 24-hour sun hand and a moon hand which completes a revolution in a
lunar day of 24 hours 50 minutes, and shows the lunar phase on a rotating moon ball. •
Beauvais. The
Beauvais astronomical clock in
Beauvais Cathedral, constructed 1865–1868 by
Auguste-Lucien Vérité, has 52 dials that display the times of sunrise, sunset, moonrise, moonset, the phases of the moon, the solstices, the position of the planets, the current time in 18 cities around the world, and the tidal hours. Its 68 automata enact the
Last Judgement on the hour. •
Besançon. The
Besançon astronomical clock in
Besançon Cathedral (1860) was also constructed by Auguste-Lucien Vérité. Its 70 dials provide 122 indications. •
Bourges. The
Bourges astronomical clock in
Bourges Cathedral was installed in 1424. It shows the zodiac, and the moon phase and age. •
Chartres. The in
Chartres Cathedral is an astrolabe clock, installed in 1528. It was overhauled, its mechanism replaced by an electric mechanism, in 2009. •
Haguenau. The facade of the
Musée alsacien displays an astronomical clock, a modern copy of the clock of the Ulm Rathaus. •
Lyon. The
Lyon astronomical clock in
Lyon Cathedral was constructed in 1661, replacing a 14th-century original. It has an astrolabe dial and a calendar dial. •
Munster. The Church of Saint-Léger houses the Clock of Creation, installed in 2008. It shows the time, the day of the week, the month and zodiac, and the moon phase. •
Ploërmel. The
Ploërmel astronomical clock, constructed 1850–1855, comprises an astronomical clock with 10 dials and an
orrery. •
Rouen. The
Gros Horloge has a movement built in 1389, with a dial added in 1529. It indicates the moon phase on a rotating sphere above the dial, and the day of the week in an aperture at the base of the dial. •
Saint-Omer. The in
Saint-Omer Cathedral is an astrolabe clock of 1558. •
Strasbourg. The
Strasbourg astronomical clock is the third clock housed in
Strasbourg Cathedral, following 14th-century and 16th-century predecessors. Constructed by
Jean-Baptiste Schwilgué from 1838 to 1843, it shows many astronomical and calendrical functions (including what is thought to be the first complete mechanization of the
computus needed to compute Easter) and several automata. •
Versailles. The
Passemant astronomical clock in the
Palace of Versailles near Paris is a
rococo astronomical clock sitting on a formal low marble base. It took 12 years for a clockmaker and an engineer to build and was presented to
Louis XV in 1754. File:2012--DSC 0346-Tour-de-l'Horloge-à-Auxerre.jpg|Tour de l'Horloge,
Auxerre File:Bourges Cathédrale 1231.jpg|
Bourges astronomical clock in
Bourges Cathedral File:Chartres - Horloge astro 03.jpg|Clock at
Chartres Cathedral File:Lyon - Cathédrale Saint-Jean - Horloge Astronomique.jpg|
Lyon astronomical clock in
Lyon Cathedral Strasbourg Cathedral Astronomical Clock - Diliff.jpg|
Strasbourg astronomical clock in
Strasbourg Cathedral File:Picardie Beauvais4 tango7174.jpg|
Beauvais astronomical clock in
Beauvais Cathedral Georgia •
Batumi. The facade of the former National Bank Building on Europe Square has an astronomical clock based on the
clock at Mantua, which shows the positions of the sun and moon in the zodiac, and the moon phase.
Germany • A group of interior astronomical clocks of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries in churches of
Hanseatic League towns in northern Germany, known as the Hanseatic clocks (the group also includes the
clock at Gdańsk, now in Poland). •
Bad Doberan. At
Doberan Minster, an astrolabe clock was installed by
Nikolaus Lilienfeld in 1390. Only the dial survives, now positioned above the west door. •
Lübeck. The astronomical clock of
St. Mary's Church, constructed 1561–1566, was destroyed in the
bombing of Lübeck in 1942. The present clock is a replacement by
Paul Behrens, installed in 1967. •
Münster. The
Münster astronomical clock of 1540 in
Münster Cathedral, adorned with hand-painted zodiac symbols, which traces the movement of the planets, plays a
glockenspiel tune every noon. •
Rostock. The
Rostock astronomical clock in
St. Mary's Church dating from 1472, built by
Hans Düringer. Clock with daily time, zodiac, moon phases, and month. With a dedicated electronic database this clock is particularly well documented. •
Stendal. At , an astronomical clock of the 1580s, rebuilt in 1856 (and vandalized by the clockmaker), and restored in 1977. •
Stralsund. The
astronomical clock in
St. Nicholas' Church is an astrolabe clock installed by Nikolaus Lilienfeld in 1394. It has not been in working order since the 16th century. •
Tangermünde. At
St. Stephen's Church, Tangermünde, an astronomical clock of the 2023 built by Volker Schulz and Thomas Leu. •
Wismar. The 15th-century astronomical clock in was destroyed by bombing in 1945. • A group of 16th-century clocks on the facade of town halls in southern Germany, which have a 12-hour dial, a moon phase indication, and a calendar dial indicating the positions of the sun and moon in the zodiac, with a dragon hand: •
Esslingen am Neckar. The , constructed 1581–1586. •
Heilbronn. The of of
Isaac Habrecht, installed 1579–1580. •
Tübingen. The clock of , installed in 1510. •
Ulm. The 16th-century astronomical clock of has a 24-hour astrolabe format, although the zodiac is repeated as a rotating ring of gold sculptures, and the outer ring of the dial is a 12-hour chapter ring. •
Cologne. At the , a modern astronomical clock which shows the hour in regular and
sidereal time, the moon phase, positions of the sun and moon in the zodiac, and the rotation of the earth according to the geocentric model. •
Esslingen am Neckar. At the headquarters of
Festo, Professor Hans Scheurenbrand has constructed the
Harmonices Mundi (named after Kepler's
book of the same name), which consists of an astronomical clock, a world time clock, and a 74 bell
glockenspiel. •
Görlitz. and the both have 16th-century clocks which indicate the lunar phase. •
Munich. The
Old Town Hall and the
Deutsches Museum both have clocks which indicate the moon phase on a rotating ball, and the zodiac on a fixed ring within a 12-hour dial. •
Schramberg. The Town Hall has an astronomical clock installed in 1913. Its indications are similar to the clock of Ulm (except that the outer hour ring is 24-hour), with an offset astrolabe ring repeated as a golden zodiac ring. •
Stuttgart. A modern clock in the tower of shows the moon phase and the day of the week. •
Worms. The clock tower has a modern calendar dial that shows the month, the positions of the sun and moon in the zodiac, the moon phase, and has a dragon hand. File:Stralsund, Nikolaikirche, Astronomische Uhr (2012-12-29) 1, by Klugschnacker in Wikipedia.jpg|St. Nicholas' Church, Stralsund File:Rostock Marienkirche Astronomische Uhr 2011-02-12.jpg|St. Mary's Church, Rostock File:WLM-DE-NW-2018-Münster-Dom-Astronomische Uhr-4101.jpg|Münster Cathedral File:Lübeck Marienkirche - Astronomische Uhr 070311.jpg|St. Mary's Church, Lübeck File:Ulm - panoramio (14).jpg|Ulm File:Astronomische Uhr Deutsches Museum Muenchen-1.jpg|Deutsches Museum, Munich
Hungary •
Székesfehérvár: A modern astronomical clock with automata and
carillon, at the Clock Museum. File:Szekesfehervar Historical Facade Clock Closeup 01.JPG|Astronomical clock in Székesfehérvár
Italy •
Arezzo. The clock of the , installed in 1552, shows the moon phase and age. •
Bassano del Grappa. 24-hour dial with zodiac indication on the Palazzo del Municipio, first installed in 1430, reconstructed by Bartolomeo Ferracina in 1747. •
Brescia. Astronomical clock dated in the
Torre dell'Orologio. •
Clusone.
Fanzago's astronomical clock at the , built by Pietro Fanzago in 1583. •
Cremona. The 16th-century astronomical clock of the
Torrazzo, the bell tower of
Cremona Cathedral, is the largest medieval clock in Europe. •
Macerata. An astronomical clock installed in the , a modern replica of the original clock of 1571, which shows the orbits of the planets. •
Mantua. Astronomical clock was installed in 1473 in the
Torre dell'Orologio of the Palazzo della Ragione. •
Merano. Clock tower at the entrance to
Merano town cemetery, installed in 1908 by Philipp Hörz of Ulm, with a calendar dial showing the month, zodiac, and moon phase. •
Messina. The
Messina astronomical clock in the tower of
Messina Cathedral. Multi-dial clock equipped with complex automata. Constructed between 1930 and 1933 by the Ungerer Company of Strasbourg. It is one of the largest astronomical clocks in the world. •
Padua. 15th-century astronomical clock in the
Torre dell'Orologio. •
Rimini. The clock tower on Piazza Tre Martiri has a calendar dial installed in 1750 showing the date, zodiac, and moon phase and age. •
Soncino. 24-hour dial with zodiac indication in the town hall. The terracotta zodiac dial dates from 1977. •
Trapani. Astronomical clock of 1596 in the Porta Oscura, with a dial for the hours and the zodiac, and a lunar dial. •
Venice.
St Mark's Clock, in the
clocktower on
St Mark's Square, was built and installed by Gian Paulo and Gian Carlo Rainieri, father and son, between 1496 and 1499. File:Cremona-Orologio astronomico sul Torrazzo perspec.jpg|Cremona File:Torre dell'Orologio2.JPG|Mantua File:Brescia astro clock.jpg|Brescia File:Padova Piazza dei Signori Torre dell'Orologio Zifferblatt 1.jpg|Padua File:Venezia Torre dell'Orologio Tierkreis 5.jpg|Venice File:Messina duomo tower 2.JPG|Messina
Japan •
Tokyo: The Shinjuku I-Land clock tower features a clock face that is an exact replica of Prague's astronomical clock. On the other side of the tower is a more conventional analog clock face featuring a rotating planisphere disc that shows the current constellations seen in the night sky over Japan.
Latvia •
Riga: The clock on the facade of the
House of the Blackheads shows the time, date, month, day of the week, and lunar phase. File:Riga - House of the Blackheads - Astronomical clock.jpg|Rebuilt clock on the
House of the Blackheads (Riga) Malta •
Valletta. The clock of the
Grandmaster's Palace, installed in 1745, shows the hour, date, month, and lunar phase, and has bells struck by four jacquemarts. • Malta has several church clocks that show calendar indications on separate dials, including those of
St John's Co-Cathedral, Valletta;
St Paul's Cathedral, Mdina; the
Rotunda of Mosta; and the
Church of St Bartholomew, Għargħur. File:Stará Bystrica1.jpg|Stará Bystrica
South Korea •
Honcheonsigye: is an astronomical clock made by Song Yi-Yeong (), a professor of Gwansanggam () (one of the scientific institution of
Joseon dynasty) in 1669. It was designated as
South Korean national treasure number 230 on August 9, 1985. The clock used the
alarm clock technology created by
Christiaan Huygens in 1657. This relic shows that Huygens' technology was spread to East Asia in just 12 years. Also, It demonstrates the astronomy and mechanical engineering technology of the
Joseon dynasty. Korea has been making
armillary sphere since the 15th century as part of
King Sejong's technology development policy, and this clock is an important historical document that shows the fusion of East Asian astronomy and European mechanical technology.
Spain •
Astorga: The interior face of the clock of
Astorga Cathedral has a 24-hour dial which shows the lunar phase and the date.
Sweden •
Lund:
Lund astronomical clock in
Lund Cathedral in Sweden, (
Horologium mirabile Lundense) was made around 1425, probably by the clockmaker Nicolaus Lilienveld in Rostock. After it had been in storage since 1837, it was restored and put back in place in 1923. Only the upper, astronomical part is original, while some of the other remaining medieval parts can be seen at the Cathedral museum. When it plays, one can hear
In Dulci Jubilo from the smallest organ in the church, while seven wooden figures, representing the three
magi and their servants, pass by. • : Emil Ahrent, the local priest, constructed and donated an astronomical clock to
Fjelie Church in 1946. • : K.L. Lundén, the local priest, installed an astronomical clock in in 1954. •
Rinkaby: An astronomical clock was installed in
Rinkaby Church in the 1950s. Modelled on medieval clocks, it was made by a local electrician. File:Lunds astronomiska ur-2.jpg|
Lund astronomical clock File:Nottebäcks kyrka 014.JPG|Nottebäck church clock File:Rinkaby kyrka int15.jpg|
Rinkaby church clock
Switzerland •
Bern. The
Zytglogge is a famous 15-century astronomical clock housed in a medieval fortification tower. • A set of 16th-century clocks which show the zodiac and the days of the week in concentric rings within a 12-hour clock face, with a moon phase ball above: •
Bremgarten. The clock of the , installed in 1558. •
Diessenhofen. The clock of the Siegelturm, installed in 1546. •
Mellingen. The clock of the , installed in 1554. •
Schaffhausen: The astronomical clock by in the gable of the Fronwagturm, installed in 1564, has five hands, including indications of the positions of the sun and moon in the zodiac, and a dragon hand indicating the
lunar nodes. •
Sion: The
Sion astronomical clock on the town hall dates from 1667 to 1668. Its current mechanism was installed in 1902. •
Solothurn. This astronomical clock, installed by and in 1545 to replace an original of 1452, shows the positions of the sun and moon in the zodiac. •
Winterthur. This astrolabe astronomical clock was installed in 1529. The building which housed it was demolished in 1870. The clock is now an exhibit at the Museum Lindengut. •
Zug: The astronomical clock of the
Zytturm was installed in 1574. Its calendar dial shows the zodiac, the lunar phase, the day of the week and the leap year cycle. File:Zytglogge 04.jpg|Zytglogge, Bern File:Zeitglockenturm 03.JPG|Solothurn File:Detail Siegelturm Diessenhofen.jpg|Siegelturm, Diessenhofen File:Schaffhausen - Fronwagplatz 2010-05-31 16-17-26.JPG|Fronwagturm, Schaffhausen File:Zug - Zytturm 2010-06-18 18-00-00 ShiftN.jpg|Zytturm, Zug File:Sion, hôtel de ville, horologe astronomique - ch.jpg|Sion
United Kingdom • A group of four famous astronomical clocks in the
West Country, dating from the 14th and 15th centuries, all of which show the 24-hour time and the moon phase: •
Exeter. The
Exeter Cathedral astronomical clock () •
Ottery St Mary. The
Ottery St Mary astronomical clock (15th century) •
Wells. The
Wells Cathedral clock (1386–1392) •
Wimborne Minster. The
Wimborne Minster astronomical clock (14th century) •
Durham.
Prior Castell's Clock in
Durham Cathedral, installed between 1494 and 1519. •
Hampton Court Palace. The
Hampton Court astronomical clock (1540) is on the interior façade of the Main Gatehouse. It is a fine early example of a pre-
Copernican astronomical clock. •
Leicester. The
Leicester University astronomical clock (1989) is on the Rattray Lecture Theatre opposite the Physics department. •
London. The
astrological clock of
Bracken House was installed in 1959, and depicts the
Signs of the Zodiac. •
Snowshill. The Nychthemeron Clock, installed in the garden of
Snowshill Manor in
Gloucestershire. •
St Albans. A modern clock dating from 1995, built from notes by Richard of Wallingford held in the
Bodleian Library, Oxford. On display in
St Albans Cathedral. •
York. The
York Minster astronomical clock, an astronomical clock installed in 1955 as a memorial to airmen killed in
World War II, shows the positions of the sun and stars from the perspective of a pilot flying over York. It was damaged by fire in 1984, and is not currently working. File:Wells clock.jpg|
Wells Cathedral clock File:Exeter Cathedral astronomical clock.jpg|
Exeter Cathedral astronomical clock File:Astronomical clock, Ottery St Mary's.jpg|
Ottery St Mary astronomical clock File:Hampton Court Avri 2009 33.jpg|
Hampton Court astronomical clock File:Astronomical Clock (7569108538).jpg|
York Minster astronomical clock File:Clock-Calendar on Bracken House - geograph.org.uk - 1304709.jpg|
Bracken House, London astrological clock, with its blue circle showing the
Signs of the Zodiac.
United States •
Cedar Rapids, Iowa: The clock tower outside the National Czech and Slovak Museum and Library features an exact replica of Prague's astronomical clock. == See also ==