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John Fogge

Sir John Fogge was an English courtier, soldier and supporter of the Woodville family under Edward IV who became an opponent of Richard III.

Family
There is some uncertainty over the parents of Fogge. The most well-known source, The Family Chronicle of Richard Fogge of Danes Court in Tilmanstone shows John as the son of Sir William Fogge and an un-named daughter of William Wadham, Sir William Fogge's second wife. The Antiquary states that he was the son of Sir William and his first wife, a daughter of Sir William Septvans (d. 1448). However, Rosemary Horrox argues that he was the son of another John Fogge, Sir William's younger brother, and Jane Cotton. John Fogge was born about 1417 and it seems certain that he was the grandson of Sir Thomas Fogge—as he was eventually the recipient of his inheritance—(d. 13 July 1407) and Joan de Valence (d. 8 July 1420), widow of William Costede of Costede, Kent, and daughter of Sir Stephen de Valence of Repton. In a lawsuit in 1460 he calls himself son and heir of John. In The Family Chronicle of Richard Fogge of Danes Court in Tilmanstone published in 1868, it is strongly suggested that the William Fogge who married the daughters of Wadham and Septvans was the William Fogge (1396 The manor of Crixall appears to have passed from the Wadham to Sir John Fogge, however. == Tonsure ==
Tonsure
Gillian Draper writes:John Fogge, the grandson of Sir Thomas, was probably born in 1417, and was ordained to the first tonsure in Canterbury Cathedral in 1425. This was a first step into the six or seven holy orders, but many boys took it and it did not mean they were firmly destined for the priesthood. Rather it represented a stage in their early education; for some boys it occurred about age seven to eight years. John Fogge was one of several boys or young men ordained to the first tonsure in 1425 including William Fogge, presumably John Fogge's cousin, and one John Cobbes. ==Career==
Career
According to Horrox, Fogge had reached the age of majority by 1438, but only came to prominence when he inherited the lands of the senior line on the death of Sir Thomas's grandson and heir, William by February 1447. Fogge was an esquire to Henry VI by 1450, and in that year was involved in the suppression of the rebellion of Jack Cade. He was appointed Sheriff of Kent in November 1453. He was made Comptroller of the Household in 1460 under Henry VI, and knighted the following year on 27 June 1461. He was made Chamberlain jointly with Sir John Scott and Thomas Vaughan. and had died by 9 November of that year. He built and endowed the church at Ashford, Kent as well as the College at Ashford. He was buried beneath a handsome altar-tomb in the church, where he is also commemorated in a memorial window. The Fogge arms were Argent on a fess between three annulets sable three mullets pierced of the first. The crest was a unicorn's head, argent. At the Siege of Rouen in 1418, a Thomas Fogge who was likely his great-grand-uncle, carried the same arms differenced by having unpierced mullets. Sir John Fogge Avenue, built on the former School of Service Intelligence site in Ashford, is named after him. ==Literary references==
Literary references
A character named 'Jon Fogge', who appears to be based on this knight, appears in Marjorie Bowen's 1929 novel Dickon about the life of Richard III. In the novel he serves as a sort of sinister shadow, portending the violent fate of the king. ==Marriages and issue==
Marriages and issue
Fogge married firstly, by the early 1440s, Alice de Criol or Kyriell, daughter of the Yorkist soldier Sir Thomas de Criol of Westenhanger, beheaded after the Second Battle of St. Albans by order of Margaret of Anjou. The marriage brought him Westenhanger Castle. Alice de Criol or Kyriell died between February 1462 when she was amongst those endowing two chaplains to pray for her father and others slain at Northampton, St. Albans and Shirebum, His only son, "Slayn at Guinse," as said in an old MS.), a maid of honour to Queen Katherine of Aragon. She married Anthony Lowe (d.1555 It has been suggested that Bridget was the "Mother Lowe" who was Mother of the Maids under Anne of Cleves. • Daughter whose name is not given in the Fogge pedigree, Lettice. John Fogge married secondly, between February 1462 (when his first wife was alive)) of Bishopsbourne, Kent, and Joan Woodville, daughter of Richard Woodville. Richard Woodville was also the father of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, and the grandfather of Elizabeth Woodville, and Fogge's second wife, Alice Haute was thus Elizabeth Woodville's first cousin. After her marriage to Edward IV, Elizabeth Woodville brought her favourite female relatives to court. Fogge's second wife, Alice Haute, was one of her five ladies-in-waiting during the 1460s. By Alice Haute, Fogge had two sons and four daughters: • William Fogge, died as a child. Eleanor married secondly Sir William Kempe of Ollantigh. As a widow, she was a gentlewoman in the household of Mary I of England, and died on 16 September 1559. • Joan Fogge, The perhaps most likely explanation is that as a married woman Joan and her husband had already received her dowry. Anne, Joan's eldest daughter, was born in 1490, which might indicate a recent marriage. Joan might have been of about the same age as the three daughters mentioned in Sir John Fogge's will who were all unmarried and left sums towards their dowries and to the 'Governance and Guiding' of his wife Alice. In the Family Chronicle of Richard Fogge of Danes Court in Tilmanstone, it is mentioned in the Fogge family pedigree that Sir John Fogge had four daughters, although only three were mentioned by name so it is likely that the unspecified daughter is Joan. And the Widville pedigree, taken in 1480–1500, tells us that Iohanna nupta domino Thome Greene militi. This Iohanna was the daughter of Alicia nupta domino Iohanni Fogge militi. And this Alicia was the daughter of Willelmus Hault armiger by a lady Wideuille, to be more specific, the daughter of Ricardus Wideuille armiger and a filia de Bedelsgate. Joan was their eldest daughter, born between William who died as a child and Thomas. Like her sister Margaret, Joan also married her father's ward. Sir John Fogge (d. 1490) might also have had another daughter not mentioned in his will, the mother of his 'nephew' (likely grandson, the word could be used also in that sense then) John ffoughler (possibly John Fuller or John Fowler), who was to inherit if his eldest son John Fogge perished without heirs. This could indicate that this daughter was also from his first marriage. His sentimental bequests were all reserved for his two surviving sons and his wife Alice, though Gillian Draper leaves room for the possibility that he intended for a mass book to pass to one of his daughters:Sir John Fogge had a private chapel at the manor house of Repton as well as the Fogge chapel in Ashford church. His bequests of the ecclesiastical equipment used at the chapel at the house reveal aspects of life at the manor and the way in which he considered that equipment to be both family possessions and dedicated to service in the chapel. Fogge left his wife Alice a vestment of velvet, a mass book which she was to choose from the two in the chapel, two basins of silver for the altar, a cross and two cruets all of silver and gilt, and a gilt sacring bell. Alice was to keep all of these for her whole life and most of them – apart from the velvet vestment and the mass book – were then to pass to Fogge's son John or his heirs with the intention that they should remain for the use of the chapel at Repton. The velvet vestment could have been considered a personal item with which Alice may have had some involvement, say in its embroidery, or something she might convert for her own wear, and thus unsuitable to pass on. The fact that Alice was to choose the mass book and keep it for her whole life but that it would then not pass to Fogge's son suggests two things: firstly, that she was literate, and secondly that she might herself bequeath the book to whomever she chose, perhaps a daughter, since mothers were the earliest teachers of children, both girls and boys. Sacred books were very important since the 'dynamic of literacy was religion', although parents such as the Fogges also required their children to learn pragmatic literacy for letter-writing and estate management. Eastern Kent, where the Fogges lived and held lands and manors, was an area of extensive literacy mainly because of the proximity of the Cinque Ports with their early traditions of civic record-keeping. Apart from a special decorated 'Standyng Cuppe of gilt' which Sir John bequeathed to John junior, Dame Alice was to receive all the rest of the domestic goods and chattels at Repton to keep or give away as she chose. == Tilting helmet ==
Tilting helmet
There is a tilting helmet hanging above Sir John Fogge's monument in Ashsford Church. Weight 23 lb. 15 oz. == Edward V ==
Edward V
Sir John Fogge was on the Council in January 1483. Sir Thomas More says— "Fogge had been Treasurer of the Household to Edward IV. Richard III had granted him an ostentatious pardon, but Fogge remained hostile." He was on none of Richard's comns., and was attainted by the Parliament of 1484, "leader of the Duke of Buckingham's rising in Kent." Browne, Fogge and Guildford forfeited their Kentish estates which were handed to the custody of William Mauleverer. Browne lost his head, Fogge took sanctuary. Richard sent for him, shook hands, and pardoned him, 24 February 1485. Historian Rosemary Horrox has suggested that the mother of Richard III's daughter Katherine Plantagenet was Katherine Haute. Sir John Fogge had been close with Edward V, one of the Princes in the Tower. John Fogge, Knight, had been appointed Chamberlain to the Prince when he was nine months old. == Indenture and friendship ==
Indenture and friendship
Gillian Draper writes:An indenture made after his death by his widow Alice is our major source for the detailed arrangements Fogge made for his commemoration. In 1512 Alice confirmed and extended these arrangements. At this time the College apparently had more personnel than in the 1460s: a master, who was to carry out the three traditional obit services, Mass, dirige and Morrow-Mass, together with three priests, two boy choristers, two clerks and two other priests. The clerk was to ring the new Great Bell of the church in the tower which Fogge had caused to be built, and six wax tapers were to be lighted, presumably on the high altar. This was immediately adjacent to Fogge's tomb and just to the east of the choir with its sixteen stalls with their misericords, where presumably the master and the others sang. When the Great Bell was rung, it would draw the attention of the townspeople and the town's poor: after their attendance at the obit a meal of southern beef, bread and ale was to be provided for thirteen of them, plus a penny each in cash. This was entirely conventional but relatively generous, a total of 31s. 6d. was to be spent each year. However, it does give a glimpse of the link between the Fogge family and the townsfolk, people among whom he had spent many years, rather than with the wealthy and powerful several of whom appeared in the north transept windows which Fogge glazed. Alice confirmed the obit for John's soul for another sixty years and extended it to include the souls of herself, their children, Sir William Haute and his wife Joan Woodville (her parents), and their friends – those already dead and those still to die. This remembrance of friends, while traditional, echoed the concern of Sir John in founding the College and having his friends or allies – including men of the Church – painted in its windows, men with whom he had been through difficult political times and, just possibly, military activity.In February 1462 Sir John Scott and Sir John Fogge, and Alice, Sir John Fogge's first wife and Kyriel's daughter, 'endowed two chaplains to pray for Home and Kyriel and all others slain at Northampton, St. Albans and Shirebum (Towton) — whence we may suppose that they were present together in these fields.' In November 1467 he endowed an oratory for prayers for Kyriel, Horne and Colt and all slain "for the King's right ", as before:Nov. 18. Westminster.Grant in frank almoin to Thomas Wilmote, vicar of the church of Asshettesford, co. Kent, of the manor and town of Dounton Weylate, co. Essex, with the advowson of the church of Dounton, the manor of Preston and Hoo, co. Sussex, lately pertaining to the priory of Okeburn, and a yearly pension of 100s''. which the prior of Lewes is bound to render to the king from an impost lately due to the abbey of Cluny, to hold with all appurtenances quit of all farms, rents, arrears, tenths, fifteenths and actions and demands from 4 March, 1 Edward IV. to find two chaplains and two secular clerks to celebrate divine service in the said church for the good estate of the king and his kinsman George, archbishop of York, and John Fogge, knight, and Alice his wife and for their souls after death and the souls of Richard, late duke of York, the king's father, Edmund, late earl of Rutland, the king's brother, and Richard, earl of Salisbury, the king's uncle, and Thomas Kyryell, knight, Robert Hoorne and Thomas Colt, esquires, and all others of the county of Kent killed in the conflicts at Northampton, St. Albans and Shirbourne for the king's right and the good of the realm, according to the ordinances of the said John Fogge. By p.s.''Josiah C. Wedgwood writes: 'In spite of a modern novelist, there is little, save his indictment of Cook, that this close examination can bring up against a good soldier, a good comrade and a powerful official.' ==Notes==
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