South West African Jung

Construction of the narrow gauge Otavi Railway in German South West Africa (GSWA), which heads northeastward from Swakopmund via Usakos and Otjiwarongo, commenced in November 1903. The line was completed through Otavi and on to Tsumeb in August 1906, with a branch line from Otavi to Grootfontein. From Swakopmund to Usakos, the line ran more or less parallel and to the north of the original Swakopmund-Windhuk Staatsbahn or Nordbahn, which had been constructed from 1897. In 1905, a short branchline was constructed from Onguati near Usakos on the Otavi line to Karibib on the Nordbahn to create an alternative line from Windhoek to the Atlantic Ocean at times when the ''Nordbahn's'' section through the Khan River gorge suffered from the occasional flooding. The Otavi Railway, the longest narrow gauge railway in the world, was an industrial enterprise of the Otavi Mining and Railway Company. The railway was constructed by Messrs. Arthur Koppel and Company at a cost of about £2,400 per mile. It was well-built with a ruling gradient of about 1 in 66 and minimum curvature of . The tracks were laid with steel rails on steel sleepers. From sea level at Swakopmund, the railway rose to an altitude of at Ebony, then dropped to an altitude of at Usakos and then rose to its highest elevation of at Kalkveld. On 1 April 1910, the Otavi Railway and its assets were purchased by the German Administration for £1,000,000 under a lease agreement in terms of which the mining company would continue to operate the line for a further ten years. As a result, the problematic Khan River section of the Nordbahn line could finally be abandoned. ==Manufacturer==

The first mainline locomotives for the Otavi Railway were these fifteen steam locomotives, numbered in the range from 1 to 15, which were built by Arnold Jung Lokomotivfabrik in Germany in 1904. ==Characteristics==

They used Heusinger valve gear to actuate Murdoch's D slide valves and were built on thick plate frames which were arranged outside the coupled and trailing wheels. Their coal bunkers had a capacity of , while their side tanks carried of water. ==Service==

Until the railway was completed in 1906, these locomotives also served as construction engines. Since the Otavi railway traversed the Namib Desert, the engines were often seen with rectangular auxiliary water tenders in tow. During the First World War, the former German Colony came under South African administration and the railways in GSWA came under control of the Union Defence Forces. Control of all railway operations in South West Africa (SWA) was passed on from the Military to the Director of Railways in Windhoek on 1 August 1915. On 1 April 1922, all the railway lines and rolling stock in the territory became part of the South African Railways (SAR), but the SWA locomotives were never reclassified or renumbered and retained their former German identities until they were withdrawn from service. Two of the Jung locomotives survived into the SAR era, no. 1 and no. 13, the rest by then having either been scrapped or, like no. 9 which is preserved at Tsumeb, sold to industry. Both SAR locomotives had been modified to tank-and-tender engines for use on the Otavi Railway's fast passenger service. Their coal bunkers were removed and they were equipped with tenders, supplied by Henschel and Son, which ran on four-wheeled bogies and had a capacity of coal and water. Similar tenders had been fitted to modified Class Ha locomotives. ==Works numbers==

The locomotive numbers and Jung works numbers are listed in the table. ==Illustration==

File:DSWA Jung 1905.jpg|Jung engine and tender, c. 1905 File:Class Jung 0-6-2T no 9.jpg|Jung 0-6-2T no. 9 plinthed at Tsumeb File:Work train at Ababis.jpg|Jung locomotive on a work train near Ababis, c. 1906 File:Tsumeb Railway.JPG|Jung 0-6-2T no. 1 on a work train near Tsumeb ==References==