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Spanish corvette Vencedora (1861)

Vencedora was a screw corvette of the Spanish Navy in commission from 1862 to 1888. She participated in the Chincha Islands War of 1865–1866 and in the Spanish–Moro conflict in the Philippines in the 1870s and 1880s.

Characteristics
Vencedora was a screw corvette with a wooden hull and a schooner rig, and because of the latter some sources list her as a schooner. She had three masts and a bowsprit. She displaced 778 tons and was long. She had a steam engine manufactured in Barcelona, Spain, by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima that was rated at a nominal , and she could reach a maximum speed of . Her armament consisted of two 68-pounder (31 kg) smoothbore guns amidships and a 32-pounder (14.5 kg) smoothbore swivel gun on her bow. She had a crew of 98 to 130 men. ==Construction and commissioning==
Construction and commissioning
Vencedora was laid down at the in Cartagena, Spain, in 1859 as a wooden-hulled screw frigate with mixed sail and steam propulsion. She was launched in 1861, and after fitting out was commissioned in 1862. Her total construction cost was 1,212,764.44 pesetas. ==Service history==
Service history
1862–1865 Upon entering service, Vencedora was assigned to the Pacific Squadron and proceeded to the Río de la Plata (River Plate) on the coast of South America, arriving there in April 1862. The screw schooner soon joined the squadron. and proceeded down the coast of Patagonia, passed the Falkland Islands, rounded Cape Horn on 6 February 1863, and entered the Pacific Ocean. in the United States from 9 October to 1 November 1863. They then headed southward and arrived at Valparaíso, Chile, on 13 January 1864. At the time, Spain still had not recognized the independence of Chile and Peru from the Spanish Empire, and the presence of the Spanish warships on the Pacific coast of South America – especially in the aftermath of Spain's annexation of the First Dominican Republic in 1861 and Spanish involvement in a multinational intervention in Mexico in 1861–1862 – raised suspicions in South America as to the intentions of the Spanish government. Tensions with Peru remained high, and a member of Resolución′s crew was killed while on leave at Callao. Numancia′s commanding officer, Capitán de navío (Ship-of-the-line captain) Casto Méndez Núñez, gathered information from Vencedora′s commanding officer, learning that Spain had reached an agreement with Peru to avoid war and that the Pacific Squadron was at Callao, and Numancia and Marqués de la Victoria got back underway and rendezvoused with the squadron at Callao on 5 May 1865. When Chile refused to settle, Pareja announced a blockade of Chilean ports, Méndez Núñez concentrated his squadron off Valparaíso, where Vencedora and Resolución joined it on 19 December 1865. Bolivia joined the war against Spain on 22 March 1866, closing all the Pacific ports of South America south of Colombia to Spanish ships. Under orders to take punitive action against South American ports, Méndez Núñez selected undefended Valparaíso as his target, although he found the idea of attacking an undefended port repugnant. It inflicted US$10 million (equivalent to about US$224 million in 2011) in damage. Méndez Núñez chose the heavily defended port of Callao, Peru, for his next attack. He divided the squadron into two divisions, the first made up of Berenguela, Numancia, Reina Blanca, Vencedora, and three auxiliary steamers and the second of Resolución, Villa de Madrid, the screw frigate , Paquete de Maule, and three transport frigates and, after burning prize ships his squadron had captured, set off on 14 April 1866 for San Lorenzo Island off Callao, the second division getting underway at 09:00 and the first division at 16:00. The first division made the voyage under steam and arrived at San Lorenzo Island on 25 April, Running low on ammunition and with only the last three Peruvian guns still firing, the Spanish squadron ceased fire at 16:40 as dusk fell and fog began to form in the harbor. After getting underway from San Lorenzo Island, the Philippines-bound division parted company with the other ships. Numancia was slow under sail, forcing the other ships to use reduced sail so as not to leave her behind. After the first case of scurvy was detected among Berenguela′s crew, however, she and Uncle Sam parted company with Numancia on 15 May 1866 and headed for Papeete on Tahiti in the Society Islands, as did Vencedora on 19 May. After the squadron reconnoitered the coast, fighting began when the landing force went ashore at Looc on 29 October 1882. On 30 October the Spanish force landed at Padang-Padang. After conducting several raids, the troops returned to the ships and landed at Boal on 8 November 1882. The squadron and troops returned to Manila in mid-November 1882. On 17 December 1882, Vencedora, Velasco, Sirena, and Arayak landed a force which occupied Tataan on Tariatavi between Jolo and Bongao with the consent of the Sultan of Jolo. A Spanish naval base subsequently was established on the island. Vencedora and the gunboat conducted a punitive operation against Moro pirates at Taglibi, sinking the pirate ships there with gunfire in exchange for four Spaniards killed in action. Vencedora, Aragón, Gravina, Sirena, and Paragua 2 mounted another expedition against pirates in Jolo in November 1883. On 7 November, the ships bombarded Looc and the vicinity of Tapucan and Panlau-Panlau, then landed a force composed of two companies of Spanish Army soldiers totaling 810 men, a disciplinary company of 150 men, 70 convicts, Spanish marine infantrymen, and 400 sailors from the ships' crews. On 8 November the Spanish operations expanded to Boad. The Spanish force suffered two dead and 10 wounded. After reembarking the landing force, the ships returned to Zamboanga on 9 November 1883. ==Final disposition==
Final disposition
Vencedora was decommissioned and disarmed in 1888. ==References==
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