The hospital has its origins in the Leeds Moral and Industrial Training School built in 1848 (which now forms part of the Lincoln Wing). and the Leeds Union Infirmary (the site of the present Gledhow Wing) was built in 1874. By the end of the 19th century, the facilities were largely used for medical care of the poor, rather than as a workhouse. During the
First World War it was called the East Leeds War Hospital, caring for armed services personnel. In 1970, following expansion of
Leeds School of Medicine, it was renamed St James's University Hospital. A new
oncology building, the Bexley Wing, containing the St James's Institute of Oncology (including the
Gamma Knife Centre) was procured under a
Private Finance Initiative contract in 2004. It was designed by
Anshen & Allen and built by
Bovis Lend Lease The building is one of Europe's largest cancer centres, with 1,600 staff and 350 beds. As part of Leeds Teaching Hospitals
Hospitals of the Future program, the Centre for Laboratory Medicine (CfLM)] opened in September 2023 at the hospital. It provides specialist pathology services for hospitals within the
West Yorkshire Association of Acute Trusts (WYAAT). ==2002 serial killer incident==