When counties were established by England in the
Province of New York in 1683, the present St. Lawrence County was part of
Albany County. This was an enormous territory, including the northern part of New York State as well as all of the present State of
Vermont and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean. The county was reduced in size on July 3, 1766, by the creation of
Cumberland County, and further on March 16, 1770, by the creation of
Gloucester County, both containing territory now in Vermont. On March 12, 1772, what was left of Albany County was split into three parts, one remaining under the name Albany County. The other two were called
Tryon County (later renamed
Montgomery County) and
Charlotte County (later renamed
Washington County). Tryon County contained the western portion (and, since no western boundary was specified, theoretically extended west to the Pacific). The eastern boundary of Tryon County was approximately five miles west of the present city of
Schenectady, and the county included the western part of the
Adirondack Mountains and the area west of the West Branch of the
Delaware River. The area then designated as Tryon County included what are now 37 counties of New York State. The county was named for
William Tryon, colonial governor of New York. Charlotte County contained the eastern portion of Albany County. In 1784, following the peace treaty that ended the
American Revolutionary War, the name "Charlotte County" was changed to
Washington County to honor
George Washington, the
American Revolutionary War general and later
President of the United States. Tryon County was changed to
Montgomery County to honor the general,
Richard Montgomery, who had captured several places in Canada and died trying to capture the city of
Quebec. It replaced the name of the British governor, hated by the rebels. In 1788,
Clinton County was split off from Washington County. This was a much larger area than the present Clinton County, including part of what would later become St. Lawrence County, as well as several other counties or county parts of the present New York State. In 1789, the size of Montgomery County was reduced by the splitting off of
Ontario County from Montgomery. The actual area split off from Montgomery County was much larger than the present county, also including the present
Allegany,
Cattaraugus,
Chautauqua,
Erie,
Genesee,
Livingston,
Monroe,
Niagara,
Orleans,
Steuben,
Wyoming,
Yates, and part of
Schuyler and
Wayne Counties. St. Lawrence County is part of
Macomb's Purchase of 1791. In 1791, Herkimer County was one of three counties split off from Montgomery (the other two being
Otsego, and
Tioga County). This was much larger than the present county, however, and was reduced by a number of subsequent splits. The first was the splitting off in 1794 of
Onondaga County. This county was larger than the current Onondaga County, including the present
Cayuga,
Cortland, and part of
Oswego Counties. This was followed by the splitting off in 1798 from Herkimer County of two portions: one,
Oneida County, was larger than the current Oneida County, including the present
Jefferson,
Lewis, and part of
Oswego Counties; another portion, together with a portion of
Tioga County, was taken to form
Chenango County. In 1799, Clinton County was reduced in size by the splitting off of
Essex County from Clinton County. In 1802, parts of Clinton, Herkimer, and Montgomery counties were taken to form the new St. Lawrence County. At that time
Ogdensburg was the county seat. In 1828 the county seat was moved to
Canton. The selection of Canton as the county seat was a compromise by the state legislature to end competition between factions supporting Ogdensburg and
Potsdam for the county seat.
Earthquake On September 5, 1944, a 5.8magnitude
earthquake centered in Massena struck the county. The earthquake was felt from Canada to Maryland, and from Maine to Indiana. The earthquake was the strongest earthquake in New York State history. ==Geography==