Credits were adapted from the album's
liner notes.
Vocals and instruments •
Ella Marija Lani Yelich-O'Connor – vocals (all tracks),
wind chime (track 11) •
Jim-E Stack – keyboards (1–5, 7–11), synthesizer (1–6, 8–11), drum
programming (1–6, 8–10),
OP-1 (2, 3, 6, 11), piano (2, 3, 8, 9), bass guitar (2, 3, 4, 6), programming (5, 7, 11), drums (2),
glockenspiel (3),
drum machine (5), electric guitar (6), space echo (9),
Wurlitzer (11) •
Daniel Nigro – synthesizer, bass guitar, electric guitar (2, 9); piano (2) •
Dev Hynes – bass guitar, cello (4); electric guitar, synthesizer (5) •
Justin Vernon – electric guitar, bass guitar (11) •
Andrew Aged – electric guitar (2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10) •
Buddy Ross – synthesizer (1, 8, 10); keyboards, piano (1); drum programming (8) • Eli Teplin – piano (4, 5), keyboards (4), synthesizer (5) • Devin Hoffman – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, bass guitar (9) •
Rob Moose – viola, violin (3) •
Gabriel Cabezas – cello (3) • Craig Weinrib – drums (3) •
Kyle Crane – drums (10)
Technical • Jim-E Stack – recording (all tracks),
mixing (7) • Ian Gold – recording • Jack Manning – recording •
Fabiana Palladino – recording • Daniel Nigro – recording • Devin Hoffman – recording • Austin Christy – recording assistance • Koby Berman – recording assistance • Bailey Kisiak – recording assistance • Kyle Parker Smith – recording assistance • Buddy Ross – additional recording • Rob Moose – strings recording (all tracks), string
arrangement (3) •
Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing (1–3, 5, 8–11) •
Tom Elmhirst – mixing (4, 6) • Matt Wolach – mixing assistance (1–3, 5, 8–11) • Kieran Beardmore – mixing assistance (1–3, 5, 8–11) •
Chris Gehringer –
mastering • Will Quinnell – mastering assistance
Visuals • Eric Wrenn – album art direction, design •
Heji Shin – front and back cover art •
Talia Chetrit – inside photography •
Lorde – project creative direction • Thistle Brown – project creative direction == Charts ==