Australia at the Olympics

Beginnings (1894–1904) Australia's inclusion in the Olympic Games began when New Zealander Leonard Cuff, an athletics administrator, organised with both Baron Pierre de Coubertin and head of the English Amateur Athletics Federation Charles Herbert, for Australasia to be represented at the first International Olympic Committee meetings in 1894. Flack would go onto become a member of the Australian Olympic Committee. The 1908 Summer Olympics would see the debut of future-chairman of the Melbourne Olympic Games Organising Committee Frank Beaurepaire, who won a silver and a bronze in swimming. The only gold medal won by the Australasian team at these Olympics was by the Australian national rugby union team, who were the only other team to compete against the British, winning 32–3. The only two female athletes sent to compete were Fanny Durack and Mina Wylie in the swimming, who became the first females to win medals in swimming at an Olympic Games, achieving gold and silver respectively in the 100m freestyle. Thirteen athletes would be sent by the newly installed council, with only one female athlete in the team. Frank Beaurepaire would become the first Australian to medal in three different Olympic Games, with his bronze medal in the 1500m freestyle. Nineteen athletes were sent by the AOF to Amsterdam in 1928, winning four medals total, including a gold medal by rower Bobby Pearce, two silver medals won by Charlton in the swimming event, and cyclist Dunc Gray achieving bronze. Four years later, a team of twelve athletes were sent to Los Angeles for the 1932 Summer Olympics, with the Australian team achieving three gold medals, all in different sports–Gray in cycling, Pearce in rowing and Clare Dennis in swimming. The majority of the team sent were swimmers, with representatives also participating in athletics and wrestling. Kennedy competed in the Speed skating in all four events, with a best finish of 29th in the 500 metres. Winning the bid and hosting the Olympics (1946–1956) When World War II came to an end in 1946, the Victorian Olympic Council began discussions of bidding to host the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne; with the AOF supporting the bid and notified the IOC of its interest in July the same year. The team would win a record-breaking 13 medals overall, which included the only Australian Olympic medals won in wrestling, with athletics, swimming and rowing providing the others. The Australian women dominated on the short-distance track events, with Marjorie Jackson-Nelson winning both the 100m and 200m gold medals, while Shirley Strickland was victorious in the 80m hurdles, while also winning a bronze medal to Jackson-Nelson in the 100m. carrying the Olympic Torch on the way to lighting the Olympic Cauldron at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. The 1956 Summer Olympics would begin in Melbourne with a team of 325 athletes, finishing third on the medal table–the best in Australian Olympic history–with 13 gold, 8 silver and 14 bronze medals. Olympic champion in rowing in 1948, Mervyn Wood, was chosen to lead the Australian delegation and carry the flag during the Opening Ceremony, while future Olympic medallist Ron Clarke lit the Olympic cauldron at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. An apology would be made to Norman in Australian parliament in 2012 for the conduct of Australian Olympic officials after the event and the Australian Olympic Committee would later grant Norman the Order of Merit posthumously in 2018. The Australian team's performance at the 1972 Summer Olympics was bolstered by the performance of swimmer Shane Gould, who had won five of the seventeen medals won, achieving three gold, one silver and one bronze. Australia's other five gold medals in Munich also came from the swimming squad—who won three more gold—and the sailing team. With a predicted target of 29 medals set, expectations were high for the Australian team to continue its Olympic success. Meanwhile, in the background, Malcolm Fraser, who became Prime Minister in November 1975 had cut sports-funding immediately when entering government. This decision would prove to be detrimental to the Australian team once the Summer Olympics in Montreal arrived months later. Thus, the Australian team made the decision to compete in some sports, with some athletes being pressured to skip the games and join the boycott against their wishes. While some members of the swim team chose to attend, both the field hockey and sailing teams made the decision to stay home, while members of the Australian media conducting negative media campaigns to further pressure athletes to refuse their invitations to compete, with allegations of government support in this endeavour. Since the formation of the AIS, Australia has finished with fewer than 20 medals only once, in 1988, and has won at least three gold medals at every Summer Olympics since, holding an average of 11 gold medals per Games. The first Olympic event to take place since the establishment of the AIS was the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, with a team of 11 athletes sent by the AOF, with a biathlon representative sent for the first time, along with representatives in alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, figure skating and speed skating. However, Winter Olympians were excluded from being given AIS funding, thus, continued to attend the Winter Games as self-funded. The first Summer Olympics to take place since the foundation of the AIS, was in Los Angeles in 1984. The Australian team had doubled in size, compared to the team sent to Moscow, and won 24 medals overall, its most successful Olympics in 24 years. Australia's other two gold medals came from Jon Sieben in the men's 200m butterfly, and Glynis Nunn in the women's heptathlon. Unfortunately, a fall in the semi-finals meant that the Australian Winter team would have to continue to wait for its first medal at the Olympics. The Winter Olympic training centre in Axams, Austria was opened in partnership with the Austrian Olympic Committee, with a deal made for the AOC to help the Austrians improve their rowing, canoe, kayak and cycling programs in return for the use of a permanent Winter training centre. Nine gold, nine silver and 23 bronze medals were won by the 424 athletes sent, which included the most female representation on an Australian Olympic team. The final Olympic Games to occur before Sydney's turn was the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. The AOC sent 24 athletes to compete, with a goal set by the AOC to return with a medal after achieving their first Winter Olympic medal four years prior. == Olympic bids and hosted Games ==

Hosted Games Australia has hosted the Olympic Games twice and will host again in 2032: Unsuccessful bids Australia has unsuccessfully bid for the Games on three other occasions: == Overview of Olympic participation ==

Timeline of participation Australia at the Summer Olympics Australia at the Winter Olympics   Medals by summer sport Medals by winter sport These totals do not include 11 medals recognised by the Australian Olympic Committee: 10 medals (3 gold, 4 silver and 3 bronze) won by Australians competing for the combined Australasia team in 1908 and 1912 (8 by individuals, 1 by an exclusively Australian team and 1 by a combined team) and 1 bronze medal won in tennis by Edwin Flack in 1896. The AOC therefore recognises Australia as having won 611 medals at the Summer Olympics (185 gold, 196 silver and 230 bronze). == Medals by individual ==

This is a list of people who have won at least three Olympic gold medals for Australia, based upon data from the International Olympic Committee. Medals won in the 1906 Intercalated Games are not included. It includes top-three placings in 1896 and 1900, before medals were awarded for top-three placings. Summer Olympics • People in bold are still active competitors Winter Olympics • People in bold are still active competitors While Lauren Jackson never won a gold medal, she is the only Australian to win medals in five different Olympics. ==Summary by sport==

Swimming , wearing cap 71, is Australia's first Olympic champion in swimming, winning two gold medals in 1900 at Paris. Swimming is historically Australia's most successful sport of all the Olympic events. Australia first competed in swimming at the 1900 Games, with Frederick Lane competing in two events and winning gold medals in both. The only Olympics in which Australia finished without a medal in swimming would be 1896 (due to no swimmers being sent by the Olympic committee) and 1936. The notable turning point was a then 18-year-old, Kieren Perkins, winning gold in the men's 1500m freestyle, with Glen Housman winning silver in the same event; with Perkins setting the world record in the process and his performance at the time being considered "the greatest swim by an Australian." The only other Australian swimmer to win multiple medals in Barcelona was Hayley Lewis, who won silver in the women's 800m freestyle and bronze in the women's 400m freestyle. The swimming team's most memorable gold medal was Perkins, defending his men's 1500m freestyle gold medal from Barcelona after suffering from a bout of anxiety and as well as a panic attack before the final, becoming the slowest qualifier in the final thus starting in lane eight, finishing six seconds ahead of fellow Australian and silver medallist Daniel Kowalski. Although he would not win gold, Kowalski would become the first swimmer in Olympic history to medal in the 200m, 400m and 1500m freestyle events in a single Olympics. The 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney saw Australia achieve their most medals won at the swimming event in a single games, including five gold medals, a haul that would be beaten in Beijing and Tokyo. The Australian women's relay teams won two of the three gold medals on offer at the games in the freestyle and medley relays. Stephanie Rice provided three gold medals in the women's 200m and 400m individual medley events, as well as contributing to the women's 4x200m freestyle relay team. The women's freestyle relay team would win Australia's only gold in swimming in 2012 and would repeat as Olympic champions in 2016, with Australia's only other gold medals in this period coming from Mack Horton in the men's 400m freestyle and Kyle Chalmers in the men's 100m freestyle, both in 2016. Her record of four golds and three bronze in 2020 is the most medals won by an Australian athlete at a sole Olympic Games. The postponed 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo saw Emma McKeon have the best Olympic Games medal haul in Australian sporting history, winning four gold and three bronze medals. Mollie O'Callaghan would win gold in the women's 200m freestyle, while Titmus would win silver, making it the first Australian gold-silver sweep in an Olympic event since Thorpe and Hackett in the men's 400m freestyle in 2004. Once again, only one male swimmer would win gold for Australia, this time being Cameron McEvoy in the men's 50m freestyle. On the final day, both countries were tied with seven gold medals each, with the women's 4x100m medley relay determining which country would top the medal table. Athletics is Australia's most decorated track and field Olympic athlete, winning four golds overall. Three of these would be during the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. Australia first competed in athletics at the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics, with its sole athlete, Edwin Flack, competing in 3 events and winning two of them, the 800m and 1500m. He also competed in the marathon, but withdrew due to exhaustion despite leading with six kilometres left in the race. Cuthbert in the process became the first Australian to win three gold medals in a single Olympics. Betty Cuthbert won her fourth gold medal in her career, this time in the women's 400m in 1964, which made her the most decorated track and field athlete in Australian Olympic history. While 1968 saw Ralph Doubell emerge as gold medallist in the men's 800m, Maureen Caird winning gold in the women's 80m hurdles, while Peter Norman won silver in the men's 200m, with Norman famously standing on the podium alongside Tommie Smith and John Carlos when they performed the black power salute. Sydney would host the 2000 Summer Olympics, with Australia's sole gold medal being Cathy Freeman’s women's 400m, with the only other medals won being silver medals for Jai Taurima in the men's long jump and Tatiana Grigorieva in the first ever women's pole vault competition. Between 2004 and 2016, winning medals were also sparse, with only three gold medals won by Australian athletes. Steve Hooker won the men's pole vault in 2008 and became the first Australian man to win an athletics gold medal since 1968. While the 2012 Summer Olympics saw two gold medals for Jared Tallent in the men's 50km race walk, and Sally Pearson in the women's 100m hurdles. Pearson also won a silver in the same event in 2008. 2024 became Australia’s most successful Olympic athletics campaign since 1956, with one gold, two silver and four bronze. The sole gold medal was won by Nina Kennedy in the women’s pole vault, which was the first gold medal to be won by a female field athlete. In addition for the first time since 1968, two Australian athletes shared the podium in the same event with Nicola Olyslagers and Eleanor Patterson winning silver and bronze in the women’s high jump. Bronze medals were also won by Matthew Denny in the men’s discus, Jemima Montag in the women’s 20km race walk, as well as Montag and Rhydian Cowley in the mixed-relay walk. They are among one of the most successful basketball nations to have not won an Olympic gold medal, with seven medals overall, three silvers and four bronzes; only France and Spain have had more success without winning a gold medal. Most of Australia's success in basketball has come from the women's team–commonly known as the Opals–who have participated in every tournament since their debut appearance, with the exception of 1992. The next medal in the sport would not occur until 1980, as John Sumegi finished with silver in the K-1 1000m sprint. Australia would win two medals in 2008, with Jacqueline Lawrence and Robin Bell achieving silver and bronze respectively. Fox would also win bronze in the women's K-1 slalom. Cycling Australia's cycling success began in 1928 with Dunc Gray winning bronze in the men's time trial, with Gray also going on to win Australia's first gold in the sport four years later. The next gold medals won by Australian athletes would come in 1952, with Russell Mockridge winning both the men's time trial, as well as partnering with Lionel Cox to win the tandem event. While Australia's sole gold medal in Sydney came from Brett Aitken and Scott McGrory in the men's madison. After a silver in 2012 and 2016, and a bronze in 2020, the men’s pursuit team won Australia’s first gold medal in the velodrome since Meares 12 years earlier, along with a world record time in the qualification round, courtesy of the quartet of Sam Welsford, Conor Leahy, Kelland O’Brien and Oliver Bleddyn. The victory in the pursuit ironically came 20 years after Australia’s last victory in the event and 40 years since its first ever win in the event. Field hockey , known as the Kookaburras, during the 2012 Summer Olympics. They would subsequently win bronze at the tournament. Australia's most successful team sport in the Olympic Games, both the women's and men's hockey teams have witnessed success as Olympic champions and medallists. The women's team, known as the Hockeyroos, has seen much success throughout their Olympic history. All of its medal success has consistently come from the moguls and aerials disciplines. Alisa Camplin would become Australia's first female Winter Olympic gold medallist in 2002 and would later add a bronze medal in 2006, all in the women's aerials event. 2026 would also see Australia qualify for the mixed team aerials event for the first time, with Scott, Abbey Willcox and Reilly Flanagan unexpectedly finishing fourth. Australia's success in the moguls began in the 2000s, with Dale Begg-Smith winning gold in 2006, and silver in 2010. 2026 would witness Australia becoming the best performing country competing in the moguls events at an Olympics for the first time, with two gold medals achieved by Cooper Woods in the men's moguls, and Anthony in the women's dual moguls, and a bronze, won by Graham in the men's dual moguls. Anthony, with her win in the women's dual moguls subsequently became the first Australian in history to win two gold medals at the Winter Olympics. Rowing Australia's first participation in rowing was during the 1912 Summer Olympics, with its first gold medal won in 1928 by Bobby Pearce in the men's single sculls. Pearce would repeat as Olympic champion in 1932, with Mervyn Wood winning the same event in 1948. Sailing The first Australian sailing team to appear in an Olympic Games would occur in 1948, with Jock Sturrock, Len Fenton and Robert French as the chosen sailors. Australia's first medals in the sport—a silver and a bronze—occurring eight years after their debut during a home Olympics in Melbourne, a silver courtesy of Rolly Tasker and John Scott in the Sharpies class, and a bronze medal from Sturrock, Dev Mytton and Doug Buxton in the 5.5 metre class. Skateboarding is the first Australian female Olympic champion in skateboarding, winning the women's park in 2024. She is also Australia's youngest-ever Olympic gold medallist. Skateboarding made its first appearance at the postponed 2020 Olympics, with Australia receiving five quota spots, two in the men's park, and one each in the women's park and both street events. It would also see the first Australian crowned Olympic champion in skateboarding, with Keegan Palmer winning the men's park. In 2024, Australia was given nine quota spots, five in the park and four in the street events. Australia swept the gold medal in both men's and women's park events, with Palmer winning back-to-back gold in the men's event and Arisa Trew in the women's, who subsequently became Australia's youngest-ever Olympic gold medallist. Trew also became the youngest Australian athlete to be selected for an Olympics since 1984. Tennis Australia first competed in tennis at the inaugural 1896 Games, with one player competing in men's singles and, as part of a mixed team, in men's doubles. Edwin Flack lost in the first round of the singles, but paired with George S. Robertson to earn bronze in the doubles. The mixed team medal is not credited to Australia. The first tennis gold medal won by Australia was by the Woodies in men's doubles in 1996; the pair also won Australia's only silver medal in the sport four years later. In 2024, Matthew Ebden and John Peers won the men's doubles, providing Australia with its second gold medal in tennis. ==See also==