The first Washburn A Mill, built by
Cadwallader C. Washburn in 1874, was declared the largest flour mill in the world upon its completion, and contributed to the development of Minneapolis. On May 2, 1878, a spark ignited airborne flour dust within the mill, creating an
explosion that demolished the Washburn A and killed 14 workers instantly. The ensuing fire resulted in the deaths of four more people, destroyed five other mills, and reduced Minneapolis's milling capacity by one third. Known as the
Great Mill Disaster, the explosion made national news and served as a focal point that led to reforms in the milling industry. In order to prevent the buildup of combustible flour dust, ventilation systems and other precautionary devices were installed in mills throughout the country. By 1880 a new Washburn A Mill, designed by
Austrian engineer
William de la Barre, opened as the largest flour mill in the world, a designation it retained until the Pillsbury A Mill opened across the river in 1881. At the peak of the Washburn A Mill's production, it could grind over 100 boxcars of wheat into almost two million pounds of flour per day. An ad from the 1870s advertised, "Forty-one Runs of Stone. Capacity, 1,200 Barrels per Day. This is the largest and most complete Mill in the United States, and has not its equal in quantity and quality of machinery for making high and uniform grades of Family Flour in this country." Advertising hyperbole aside, the mill, along with the Pillsbury A Mill and other flour mills powered by
St. Anthony Falls, contributed greatly to Minneapolis's development. The mill was designated a
National Historic Landmark in 1983 for its technological innovations and its importance in the history of General Mills. Washburn later teamed up with
John Crosby to form the Washburn-Crosby Company, which later became
General Mills. After
World War I, flour production in Minneapolis began to decline as flour milling technology no longer depended on water power. Other cities, such as
Buffalo, New York, became more prominent in the milling industry. Later on in the mill's lifetime, General Mills started putting more emphasis on producing cereals and baking mixes and shifted away from flour milling. The mill was shut down in 1965, along with eight other of the oldest mills operated by General Mills. The Mills were mothballed for several years until the Washburn Crosby Mill was leased to the visionary architect Peter Nelson Hall. Based on the fifth floor of the Utility Building (part of the A-Mill complex) while living on the sixth floor, Peter Nelson Hall Architects and his team put together preliminary plans in 1976 that would set in motion the long term vision of the Washburn Crosby Mills as a Minnesota landmark. In 1991 a fire nearly destroyed the old mill. Fires (and explosions) were a well known hazards for flour mills. The A-Mill had a serious fire in 1928. The mill had a good sprinkler system that very likely would have rapidly ended the fire. But the mill was vacant, thus not heated due to the expense, and the sprinklers were not functioning. During the late 1990s, the city of Minneapolis, through the Minneapolis Community Development Agency, worked to stabilize the mill ruins. After the city had cleared the rubble and reinforced the mill's damaged walls, the Minnesota Historical Society announced plans to construct a milling museum and education center within the ruins. Construction on the museum began in March 2001. Designed by Tom Meyer, principal for the architectural firm Meyer, Scherer & Rockcastle, the museum is a new building built with the ruin walls of the 1880 Washburn A Mill. Efforts were made to retain as much of the historic fabric of the building as was possible. Many features of the Washburn A Mill were left intact, including turbine pits, railroad tracks, a train shed and two engine houses. ==Gallery==