(as was defined in the 1st century BC) at the end of the 6th century AD, former
Aquitania proper (as was defined in the 1st century BC) Although the territory originally inhabited by the Aquitani came to be known as
Novempopulania (“province of the nine peoples”) in the late
Roman Empire and the
Early Middle Ages (up to the 6th century), this administrative designation does not reflect the earlier ethnic diversity of the region. Ancient sources indicate that the number of Aquitanian tribes was considerably higher.
Strabo mentions about twenty peoples in his
Geography. The lists provided by
Pliny the Elder and
Ptolemy, supplemented by scattered information in the works of
Julius Caesar, allow the identification of more than thirty distinct ethnonyms. By comparing these classical sources and incorporating epigraphic evidence, modern scholars generally estimate that pre-Roman Aquitania comprised approximately thirty-two or thirty-three tribes.
Aquitani tribes • Apiates or Aspiates in the
Aspe Valley (
Gave d'Aspe Valley) • Aturenses in the banks of the
Adour (
Aturus) river • Arenosii or Airenosini in
Aran valley, (high
Garonne valley), part of
Aquitania and not of
Hispania in the Roman Empire •
Ausci in the east around
Auch (
Elimberris, metropolis of
Aquitania) • Benearni or Benearnenses/Venarni in and around low
Béarn,
Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques • Bercorates/Bercorcates •
Bigerriones or
Begerri in the west of the French
département of High Pyrenees (medieval
county of Bigorre) •
Boiates/Boates Boii Boiates/Boviates in the coastal region of
Pays de Buch and Pays de Born, in the Northwest of
Landes • Camponi (may have been the same tribe as the Oscidates Campestres) •
Cocosates or Sexsignani in the west of Landes département •
Consoranni in the tributary streams of the high
Garonne river in the former province of
Couserans, today's west half of the Ariège department and extreme south of
Haute-Garonne • Convenae, a “groupement” in the southeast (high
Garonne valley) in and around
Lugdunum Convenarum • Datii, in the
Ossau Valley, high
Béarn •
Elusates in the northeast around
Eauze (former
Elusa) • Gates between the
Elusates and the
Ausci • Iluronenses in and around Iluro (
Oloron-Sainte-Marie) • Lactorates or Lectorates in and around
Lectoure • Monesii, Osii, or Onesii in the high
Garonne river valley (Louchon), only mentioned in Strabo's Geographica • Onobrisates in
Nébouzan in the high
Garonne river valley and its tributaries, possibly the same tribe as the Onesii, Osii, or Monesii. • Oscidates in several valleys and slopes of the west
Pyrenees, high
Béarn, south of the Iluronenses • Oscidates Campestres • Oscidates Montani • Ptianii in
Orthez •
Sassumini/
Lassumini/
Lassunni •
Sibyllates or
Suburates probably around
Soule/Xüberoa and also
Saubusse; the same of
Cæsar’s
Sibuzates/
Sibusates? •
Sotiates in the north around
Sos-en-Albret (south of
Lot-et-Garonne department) •
Succasses •
Tarbelli or
Tarbelii/
Quattuorsignani in the coastal side of
Landes, with Dax (
Aquis Tarbellicis) •
Tarusates in the
Midou,
Douze and
Midouze valley, east of Cocosates and Tarbelli •
Tarusci in the high
Ariège river valley in the former province of
Foix, today's east half of the
Ariège department •
Umbranici •
Vellates in high
Bidassoa river valley •
Venami/
Venarni in and around
Beneharnum (modern-day
Lescar) •
Vasates/
Volcates in the north around
Bazas (south of
Gironde department)
Aquitani related peoples or tribes In the southern slopes of western
Pyrenees Mountains, not in
Aquitania but in northern
Hispania Tarraconensis: •
Iacetani in high
Aragon River valley, in and around
Jaca, in the southern slopes of western
Pyrenees Mountains in today's northwestern
Aragon,
Spain •
Vascones in the southern slopes of western
Pyrenees Mountains in today's
Navarra,
Spain ==See also==