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Tetsu Nakamura

Tetsu Nakamura , also known as Kaka Murad, , was a Japanese physician and honorary Afghan citizen who headed Peace Japan Medical Services (PMS), an aid group known as Peshawar-kai in Japanese.

Early life and education
Nakamura was born in Fukuoka, a city in Fukuoka Prefecture on the northern shore of the Japanese island Kyushu. He spent his early childhood in Wakamatsu (in today's Kitakyushu), where both of his parents were born and raised. Japanese novelist Ashihei Hino (火野葦平, Hino Ashihei) was Nakamura's uncle and worked for the Tamai Group (玉井組, Tamai Gumi), a stevedoring firm owned by Nakamura's maternal grandfather in Wakamatsu. Hino's novel Flowers and Dragons (花と龍, Hana to Ryuu) was adapted into film while Nakamura was in elementary school. Seinan Gakuin Junior High School, and Fukuoka Prefectural Fukuoka High School. Nakamura was baptized by a Christian missionary at the Kasumigaoka Baptist Church while attending junior high school. He graduated from Kyushu University School of Medicine in 1973. == Career ==
Career
Nakamura's first experience in the Afghanistan/Pakistan border region was in 1978, when he served as a medic for a Fukuoka Climbing Association mountaineering team during an expedition to climb Tirich Mir in western Pakistan. He was drawn there to pursue his love of mountain climbing and his hobby of collecting insects. At the request of Pakistan's Ministry of Tourism, Nakamura provided medical care to residents near the remote mountaineering base, which was located in the vicinity of Peshawar, Pakistan. His wife and young children accompanied him and his children attended an American-funded international school. Although the clinic was focused on leprosy, Nakamura saw that leprosy-prone areas had high incidence of other infectious diseases such as malaria, typhoid fever, dengue fever, and tuberculosis. In order to provide treatment for patients suffering from other diseases, he began to offer his own medical services independent of the Mission Hospital. While international attention and aid to fight leprosy grew, Nakamura observed the number of Afghan patients with other infectious diseases continuing to increase without similar assistance, prompting him to establish a new hospital and expand his efforts. Starting from 2000, a drought hit the region. A consequence of this drought was the multiplications of diseases due to malnutrition and lack of water. Nakamura stated about this situation: "One irrigation canal will do more good than 100 doctors." Starting from 2003, Nakamura started building an irrigation canal in the Khewa District (Kuz Kunar) of Nangarhar Province, the Marwarid Canal. The canal gets water from the Kunar River, and has a length of 25.5 km. He drew inspiration from the irrigation canals that had been built in his native Fukuoka more than 200 years ago, without the aid of modern equipment. Nakamura built or restored eight additional canals, irrigating 16,000 hectares and supporting the livelihood of 600,000 people in the Gamberi desert on the outskirts of Jalalabad in Nangarhar Province. ==Death==
Death
Nakamura was fatally shot in a targeted killing on 4 December 2019 in Jalalabad, Afghanistan. The attackers also killed five others, including his bodyguards and driver. Police said that Nakamura, while sitting in the front passenger seat, was shot with five bullets at close range from above. According to a doctor performing the autopsy, the bullet entered Nakamura's right chest and lodged near the pelvis. Of the seven to eight assailants, three were armed with fully automatic rifles and other firearms. Funeral procession On 7 December, a state funeral ceremony was held for Nakamura at Kabul's Hamid Karzai International Airport, during which the Afghan President Ashraf Ghani joined soldiers to carry the coffin wrapped in the Afghan flag towards an airplane. Nakamura's wife, Naoko, and eldest daughter, Akiko, were present at the ceremony in Kabul. President Ghani said: "[Nakamura's] killers will definitely go to hell. The Afghan National Defense and Security Forces will find out the perpetrators and will hand them over to justice". On 8 December, the airplane carrying Nakamura's body reached Tokyo's Narita International Airport. Nakamura's wife and eldest daughter, as well as the Japanese Senior Vice Foreign Minister Keisuke Suzuki, laid flowers and observed a moment of silence as the body was unloaded from the airplane in Tokyo. On 11 December, a funeral was held for Nakamura in his hometown Fukuoka, attended by 1,300 mourners. The Afghan flag was laid over the coffin of Nakamura. Portraits of the other five Afghans killed with him were also displayed. The Taliban, however, denied involvement in Nakamura's assassination. The Taliban claimed that they had good relations with organisations that contribute to the reconstruction of Afghanistan. Provincial authorities in Nangarhar had obtained information about a possible attack on Nakamura about a year before the attack. According to the governor of Nangarhar province, Shah Mahmood Miakhel, Nakamura was cautioned by the provincial government about a plan to abduct or kill him six weeks before the attack. A few days before the attack, another warning was issued to him by the province's security authorities. Although Nakamura did not like being accompanied by security guards, the governor convinced him to the dispatch of four security guards in a separate vehicle for his protection. Reactions Nakamura's murder sent "shocks of grief" across Afghanistan and Japan, and drew widespread condemnation. In Tokyo, tributes were paid to Nakamura at music concerts. Afghan government The Afghan President, Ashraf Ghani, offered his "deepest condolences" to the families of Nakamura and others who were killed in the attack, and called Nakamura's death a big loss to the people of Afghanistan. Ashraf Ghani's spokesman, Sediq Sediqqi, said: "Dr Nakamura dedicated all his life to change the lives of Afghans, working on water management, dams and improving traditional agriculture." The governor of Nangarhar province, Shah Mahmood Miakhel, said: "All the people of Nangarhar were saddened by Dr Nakamura's death and were thankful for the many years he spent helping the people." In January 2021, Afghan Post issued a commemorative postage stamp of 300 AFN featuring the image of Nakamura. Japanese government The Japanese Prime Minister, Shinzō Abe, expressed "shock" over the assassination of Nakamura. He said: "[Nakamura] risked his life in a dangerous environment to do various work, and the people of Afghanistan were very grateful to him." Japanese Empress Masako, in a statement released by the Imperial Household Agency, mourned for the death of Nakamura. Peshawar-kai Masaru Murakami, Chairman of Nakamura's aid group Peshawar-kai, said he would continue all the work Nakamura had undertaken. "Nakamura told me how unreasonable it was that we don't offer help to poor people living in mountainous areas who die of treatable diseases," he added. UNAMA The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) tweeted: "UN in Afghanistan condemns and expresses its revulsion at the killing today of respected Japanese aid worker Dr. Tetsu Nakamura in Jalalabad. A senseless act of violence against a man who dedicated much of his life to helping the most vulnerable Afghans." == Memorials ==
Memorials
There was a mural dedicated to Nakamura in Kabul that was erased in 2021, at the direction of the new Taliban government. On October 2022 a plaza commemorating Nakamura opened in Jalalabad, Nangarhar province. Japanese shonen manga artist Gege Akutami created manga series Jujutsu Kaizen Modulo after being inspired by Nakamuras book, Providence Is With Us. ==Awards and decorations==
Awards and decorations
• In 2003, he received the Philippines' Ramon Magsaysay Award—often called Asia's Nobel Prize—for peace and international understanding. • Fukuoka Prize (Grand Prize) in 2013. • Kikuchi Kan Prize from the Society for the Promotion of Japanese Literature in 2013. • In 2016, he was inducted into the Earth Hall of Fame in Kyoto. • Order of the Rising Sun (Gold and Silver Rays) in 2016. • The Afghan national medal in 2018. • On 7 October 2019, he was awarded honorary citizenship of Afghanistan for his long-standing services in the country. • Padma Shri - 4th highest civilian award of India, was given to him posthumously on 26 January 2020. • In August 2020, researchers from Saga University in Japan named a newly discovered species of gall midge insect Massalongia nakamuratetsui in honor of Nakamura. ==Publications==
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