MarketThe Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel
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The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel

"The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" is a single released by American disc jockey Grandmaster Flash in 1981. It is a live DJ mix recording of Flash scratching and mixing records from various groups using three turntables. The musician employed several DJ techniques in the recording, including crossfading, cutting, rubbing and backspins.

Samples
Flash recorded "Wheels of Steel" live over three hours, during a four-day break from touring. ==Release and reception==
Release and reception
Flash later said he did not believe the record was going to be accepted by Sugar Hill Records, saying: "I wouldn't even know how to ask a record label, 'Let me make a record with records'." However, label CEO Sylvia Robinson had seen Flash's live; he said: "She'd seen that this turntable artistry caused a frenzy." Among contemporary reviews, NME praised "Wheels of Steel" as an "impossible" and "important" record in their singles column. The New York Times writer Robert Hilburn praised the single for being "[a] preposterous but also delightful left-field entry, blending a voice-over rap, catchy disco rhythms and studio shenanigans that'll convince you that your turntable has gone awry." Patrick Goldstein of the same publication noted that the song had been hailed as "rap music's first avant-garde masterpiece", but commented on the "understandable" hostility it received from some casual pop music fans when played at Tower Records in West Hollywood. He wrote: "Compared to the sunny, squeaky-clean rock popular today, rap is an aural dark alley, a seemingly anarchic collage of ghetto patois and jumbled rhythms that could easily disorient a consumer corn-fed on Styx and REO Speedwagon." In lists of 1981's best singles, "Wheels of Steel" was ranked second by NME, The track also finished third in the Pazz & Jop poll of the year's best singles. The poll's curator, Robert Christgau of The Village Voice, considered it to be "the skeptic's (and aesthete's) 12-inch, is a mix rather than a rap" and "an ur-novelty that struts rap's will to reclaim and redefine popular culture." In 1982, Paolo Hewitt of Melody Maker described the track as "one of the most inventive records of recent times." Reviewing Grandmaster Flash's 1984 compilation Greatest Messages, J.D. Considine of Record was critical of the exclusion of "Wheels of Steel", which he dubbed Flash's "turntable tour de force" and "the first scratch hit." ==Legacy==
Legacy
"The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash" proved highly influential in the development of hip hop music, and according to The Guardians Andrew Purcell, has "inspired generations of musicians". It was the first rap track to be produced with records and, resultingly, to employ scratching and turntablism. Similarly, author Todd Souviginier describes the "dazzling sound collage" as a major achievement and "arguably the first real display of modern DJ skills on vinyl", considering it to be a radical postmodern work that was without precedent in pop music for the way it re-purposed an assortment of records. The record was a major influence on other DJs, with Flash playing a pivotal role in "establishing the concept of sampling and turntablism." In particular, the track sparked interest in turntablism as an art form and "inspired the next wave of turntablists." Souvignier wrote that the track placed the DJ "in the spotlight, as a performer and soloist, on par with any other musician". The track was also influential in the development of the megamix. The manner in which the record cuts and switches between different songs proved to be an influence on further studio-produced megamixes which utilised genuine samples, an example being the 1984 electro funk track "Tommy Boy Megamix", comprising snippets of the most popular songs on hip hop label Tommy Boy Records. In his piece on remixing, Kyle Adams cites "Wheels of Steel", alongside Double Dee and Steinski's "Lesson 1-The Payoff Mix" (1983), as "two seminal early remixes", while author Matt Mason wrote Flash and Afrika Bambaataa were historic in the development of the remix as the process 'mutated' on vinyl, describing Flash's record as "[showing] the world this new remix music undiluted." The record has also been described as a mashup, with Treble writer Adam Blyweiss including the track at the start of their 2014 list of "essential mashup milestones". David Dewaele of Soulwax was influenced by the record, have adopted the idea of "[taking] the best bits of the records [Flash] loves and repeats them so people can dance", for Soulwax's mashup side-project 2 Many DJs. Retrospective appraisal Among retrospective appraisals, AllMusic's Jason Ankeny described it as the Furious Five's "first truly landmark recording" and "a stunning sound collage", while Steven Daly of Vanity Fair has dubbed it "a dense and dazzling sound collage that has been described as the sole recorded embodiment of original hip-hop." Mark Dery of The New York Times considers it an "audio collage" that "stands alongside Jimi Hendrix's abstract-expressionist 'Star-Spangled Banner' as one of pop music's most dazzling moments." Cochrun calls it a "seven-minute display of finesse, close-listening, musical knowledge, and all-around turntable mastery". In 1987, NME ranked "Wheels of Steel" at number 31 in their list of the top 150 singles of all time. In 1992, The Wire included it in their list of "The 100 Most Important Records Ever Made"; the magazine wrote that in being the first scratch mix, the track remains "the entry point into a new, incredibly creative period of black music mixes", adding that it "laid down a formal gauntlet not taken up until Double Dee and Steinski's three 'Lessons' of 1984/5." In 2001, Uncut ranked it at number 18 in their list of "The 100 Greatest Singles from the Post-Punk Era". ==Track listing==
Track listing
Vinyl :A. "The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" :B. "The Birthday Party" (instrumental) CD • "The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" • "The Message" • "It's Nasty (Genius of Love)" ==Chart positions==
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