Animals that has
shed its tail when attacked by a
predator, and has started to regrow a tail from the site of the injury Injury in animals is sometimes defined as mechanical damage to anatomical structure, but it has a wider connotation of physical damage with any cause, including
drowning,
burns, and
poisoning. Such damage may result from attempted
predation, territorial fights, falls, and abiotic factors. followed by
wound healing, which may be rapid, as in the
cnidaria.
Arthropods are able to repair injuries to the
cuticle that forms their
exoskeleton to some extent. Animals in several phyla, including
annelids, arthropods, cnidaria,
molluscs,
nematodes, and
vertebrates are able to produce
antimicrobial peptides to fight off infection following an injury. The
World Health Organization has developed a
classification of injuries in humans by categories including mechanism, objects/substances producing injury, place of occurrence, activity when injured and the role of human intent. In addition to physical harm, injuries can cause psychological harm, including
post-traumatic stress disorder.
Plants , an abiotic cause of injury. In plants, injuries result from the eating of plant parts by
herbivorous animals including insects and
mammals, from damage to tissues by
plant pathogens such as bacteria and
fungi, which may gain entry after herbivore damage or in other ways, and from abiotic factors such as heat, freezing, flooding, lightning, and pollutants such as ozone. Plants respond to injury by signalling that damage has occurred, by secreting materials to seal off the damaged area, by producing
antimicrobial chemicals, and in woody plants by regrowing over wounds. == Cell injury ==