In 1896, naval engineer
John Isaac Thornycroft formed the
Thornycroft Steam Carriage and Van Company which built its first
steam van. This was exhibited at the Crystal Palace Show, and could carry a load of 1 ton. It was fitted with a Thornycroft marine
launch-type boiler (Thornycroft announced a new boiler designed for its steam carriages in October 1897). The engine was a twin-cylinder
compound engine arranged so that high-pressure steam could be admitted to the low-pressure cylinder to give extra power for hill-climbing. A modified version of the steam wagon with a 6-cubic-yard tipper body was developed for
Chiswick council in 1896 and went into service as a very early self-propelled
dust-cart. While the original 1896 wagon had front-wheel drive with rear-wheel steering, the tipper dust-cart had rear-wheel drive and front-wheel steering. The Thornycroft tipper was built by the
Bristol Wagon & Carriage Works, though engined by Thornycroft. Thornycroft's first
petrol vehicle was built in 1902, and the company completed the move into internal combustion engine power in 1907. Thornycroft's
Basingstoke factory supplied nearly 5,000 motor vehicles for the
World War I effort. It also provided large numbers of engines of various powers to the
Admiralty,
War Office and other government departments at the beginning of the war and for the next two years. Thereafter the Basingstoke factory manufactured marine engines for the
Coastal Motor Boats being built at the
John I. Thornycroft & Company works in
Woolston, Southampton. The 180HP 6-cylinder Thornycroft marine engine was also used in 20 petrol shunters made for war use by
Manning Wardle & Co. Thornycroft also made the Thornycroft
depth-charge thrower for
anti-submarine warfare. In 1924, the
War Office, anticipating the immediate need for motorised transport in the event of another war, set up a
subsidy scheme whereby purchasers of approved vehicles would receive a £120 subsidy per vehicle with the proviso that the War Office could buy the vehicles at a pre-arranged price when needed. The Thornycroft A1 chassis was chosen for this scheme. From 1931, Thornycroft used descriptive names for its vehicle range. During
World War II the company designed the
Terrapin and other war-related vehicles. In 1948, the company name was changed to
Transport Equipment (Thornycroft) Ltd to prevent confusion with the
shipbuilding Thornycroft company. The company was well known for providing
fire engine chassis, with multi-axle drive for uses such as airports. A limited number of
4x4 chassis were also provided to
Worcester-based fire engine manufacturer, Carmichael for sale to civilian brigades in the 1950s. Thornycroft was taken over on 1 March 1961 by
AEC parent
Associated Commercial Vehicles (ACV), with production limited to
Antars, Big Bens and Nubians, although the Thornycroft-designed six-speed
constant mesh gearbox was used in AEC and later medium weight
Albion and
Leyland trucks. ACV was taken over by Leyland in 1962. Leyland already had a specialist vehicle unit in
Scammell. Vehicle production at Basingstoke ceased in 1969 with production transferred to Scammell at
Watford. The factory continued to manufacture gearboxes. It was sold in 1972 to
Eaton Corporation. ==Models==