Toprak-Kala appears to have been built by
Artav (Artabanos), ruler of
Khwarezm, in the 1st or 2nd century CE. The establishment of Toprak-Kala probably followed the abandonment of
Akchakhan-Kala, 14 km to the southwest. Wall paintings representing
Zoroastrian deities were discovered in the Palace. Others have analysed the coinage evidence as indicating that the Kushan did not control Khwarezm. Several
high-reliefs of standing figures drapped in robes of
Hellenistic style, which are thought to derive from the style of the
Greco-Buddhist art of
Gandhara, reflecting the influence of the
Kushan Empire, were discovered in the ruins of Toprak-Kala. This abundant sculptural work may also have been accomplished by artisans from nearby
Bactria, where a Hellenistic tradition remained active since the time of the
Greco-Bactrian kingdom. File:UZ Toprak Kale t2.jpg|Toprak Kala ruins File:Toprak-Kala 03.jpg|The palace In the ruins of Toprak Kale.jpg|Toprak Kala ruins
Artifacts File:Топрак-кала, выставочные материалы 09. Part of a sculpture. Alabaster with traces of paint.jpg|Male head with helmet. Alabaster with traces of paint. High Palace (2nd-3rd century CE) File:Топрак-кала, выставочные материалы 13. Face of a woman.jpg|Face of a woman Fragment of a wall painting. Harpist's Hall (2nd-4th century CE). File:Топрак-кала, выставочные материалы 12. Fragment of a wall painting. 2nd-4th centuries. Clay base, mineral paints.jpg|Fragment of a wall painting. 2nd-4th centuries. Clay base, mineral paints File:2nd cent-6th cent CE Wall Painting Woman 2nd-3rd cent CE (3).jpg|Wall painting found in Toprak-Kala (2nd-3rd century CE) File:Топрак-кала, выставочные материалы 07.jpg|Torso of
Anahita File:Топрак-кала, выставочные материалы 02. Mosaic.jpg|Mosaic ==Nearby Kyzyl-Kala fortress==