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Torfschiffswerft Schlussdorf

The Turf Shipyard in Schlussdorf, Lower Saxony, Germany, is a former boat builder's yard now used as an open-air museum. The yard, operating from 1850 to 1954, was specialised on barges to transport turf, that is dried peat used as fuel. In 1975 the Heimatverein Schlußdorf started to rescue the dilapidated shipyard buildings and reopened the site as a museum in 1977. The Turf Shipyard is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of Worpswede's outskirts.

Bogs settled, peat cut and shipped
Following Jürgen Christian Findorff's plans for the inner colonisation in the drained mires of the Teufelsmoor the village of Schlussdorf was founded in 1800 with originally 24 colonist families. (1720–1792), whom on 20 September 1771 George III of Britain and Hanover had appointed as Mire Commissioner () for the drainage and colonisation of the Teufelsmoor, included fuel turf sales as the necessary and available financial source for the colonists in their hard initial years. The colonists sold fuel turf () prevailingly in Bremen and cities on the lower Weser, in order to raise money to make a living and build up their farms. As the soil was poor, In springtime farmers started to cut peat Then the brick-formed peat pieces were piled up to stacks for drying in the summer sun to become fuel turf, In 1830 fuel turf cost Thaler (Thl.) 4 to 8 (about Mark (1871)|mark [ℳ] 12 to 24) per 1 , which is . In his teenage days the Schlussdorf-born (1847–1912) navigated turf barges to Vegesack and Bremen selling 1 Hunt of fuel turf for Thl.  to 3 (about ℳ 16 to 18), as this author of rustic novels described. Between 1866 and 1884 turf prices per Hunt freely delivered rose from ℳ 60 (in 1866 still Thl. 20 circa) to ℳ 72. Selling fuel turf remained a main source of revenues for mire farmers till the begin of the 20th century, For their own requirements some mire farmers continued heating with fuel turf until the late 1960s. The intermediate (fiscal authority supervising and controlling the royal-electoral demesnes) and the provincial Bremen-Verden government in Stade paid for their part the main causeways in each village.), to which each colonist had to commit in a contract with the mire commission. All royal-electoral causeways were open to everyone for the public good. Until the regulation of the river Wörpe in 1860 Hardly a farmer in the drained mire had a horse, in Schlussdorf e.g. no family had a horse in 1828, they were useless lacking made roads. However, Schlussdorfers had some horned cattle Hydraulic engineers and colonists straightened natural rivers and created most of today's watercourses between 1751 and 1799, providing for the northerly connection to Bremervörde and Stade. The mire farmers used barges () with no considerable draught capable to cruise the shallow navigable ditches of the Teufelsmoor mire. Once crisscrossed by drainage trenches, hill moors – like the Teufelsmoor – do not well hold water, thus, in order to maintain a navigable water level manually openable sluices (N. Low Saxon: ]) were installed every to in all the watercourses. In order to pass a Schütt it was to be opened board by board, a time-consuming procedure implying water losses. So usually two people manned a barge, one navigating and one opening and closing weirs. In order to balance these losses streams on the geest had to be tapped, provoking disputes with the inhabitants there. The Schlussdorf-Winkelmoorer Schiffgraben (Schlussdorf-Winkelmoor shipping ditch) between Schlussdorf and was laid out on expenses of the Royal-Electoral Chamber in 1810, shortly before the French annexation of the Elbe–Weser triangle. The Schlussdorf-Winkelmoorer Schiffgraben measures in length and connects via the river Umbeck to the Hamme. by 1830. In 1856 flap weirs were installed in the Schlussdorf-Winkelmoorer Schiffgraben replacing the previous devices. The southward extension of the old Semkenfahrt by the Semkenfahrtskanal in 1888 and later further on by the Neue Semkenfahrt further shortened the connection between Bremen and the villages north of Worpswede. Farmers who could not afford a boat took the services of an Eichenfahrer, a commission shipper from Bremen. Boat sheds mostly disappeared to these days or remain very dilapidated, except of few preserved in museums, such as the Torfschiffswerft in Schlussdorf. Other roads were seasonally so furrowed that pedestrians had to use a side path. Until the end of the First World War causeways had been built to connect all the villages so that many farmers bought for the first time a horse from demobilised army stocks in 1918. In the 1920s every village paved at least one causeway, usually connecting to the closest paved highway, typically with turf-fired clinker (). With more and more causeways paved in the Teufelsmoor drainage ditches were put out of navigation. In the Great Depression and the early Nazi period more causeways were paved within job creation schemes, with villagers having to feed and lodge the workers in the scheme and provide hand and hitch-up services. Between 1900 and 1954/1956 the connected Bremen's Parkbahnhof station with Tarmstedt calling also stations in the Teufelsmoor. Since 1911 the Mire Express railway, since 1978 only operating seasonally, provides its services. == History of the shipyard ==
History of the shipyard
In 1800 Johann 'Jan' Grotheer, then head of one of the 24 original colonist families, took the land lot Schlussdorf #6, readdressed Schlussdorfer Straße 22 in 1978. and in 1850 Jan Grotheer built a boat builder's yard for his son Cord Hinrich Grotheer (1844–1914), at last led by his grandson Hinrich Grotheer (1871–1957). with Grotheer's in Schlussdorf having then been the best known in all the Teufelsmoor. The barges from Schlussdorf belong to the class of Halbhuntschiffe with a capacity of c.  or 50 standard baskets of turf ( a Hunt) each. Boatbuilding was poorly paid. In 1950 a full-Hunt barge cost deutschmark (DM) 1,000. Another one, built in 1930 in Schlussdorf, was renovated and is now shown in (a locality of Vollersode). especially after Hinrich Grotheer's death in 1957. , 2008. == Turf boats ==
Turf boats
For about 150 years pitch-black turf barges with puce sails were a usual sight in summers and autumns on the watercourses in the Teufelsmoor region. The size varieties account for the watercourses' varying widths. Turf barges were delivered fully equipped with sails, mostly from sailmakers in Scharmbeck, with lateral centreboards and quants. However, until 1860 this route included two slipways (Low Saxon: Övertog) up and down over dikes, difficult to pass for loaded turf barges, using animal and manpower, one at Dammsiel (Schmidts Övertog in the Lower Blockland), charging 2 groats slip toll, Both slipways were replaced by locks in 1865 (Kuhsiel) and 1896 (Dammsiel). == Museum and Café ==
Museum and Café
In 1975 the members of the Heimatverein Schlußdorf (Schlussdorf Traditions Club) decided to make the rescue of the dilapidated shipyard their collaborative project. Hermann Giere, president of the Heimatverein from 1968 to 1993, then persuaded the Grotheer family In 1987 the Heimatverein bought the site from the Grotheer family with financial support by the Worpswede municipality, the Osterholz district and the (association for Stade regional culture, history and economy). From 1975 to 1977 immediate structural safeguarding measurements rescued the half-timbered shipyard buildings followed by a thorough renovation. The museum opened its doors for visitors on 13 August 1977. In the beginning two members of the Grotheer family worked as guides in the boat builder's yard, Beta Grotheer (died in April 1984) and her son Johann Grotheer (died in 1989). Furthermore, there are a small tin stove on which bargemen on tour warmed up their soup, and a traditional wooden butter churn. In 1981 the Traditions Club began issuing information brochures on the museum and the subjects it covers, such as colonising boglands, peat-cutting, turf barges etc. Since 1984 the museum also published postcards. The first heating, an iron stove installed in 1980, was replaced by club members in autumn 1991 by an automated filament heating, subsidised by the Worpswede municipality and Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden. The pit toilet, installed in 1981, More films followed. Outdoor area The museum, surrounded by old oaks which especially in summer invite to linger in the shade, is only a short distance away from the Schlußdorfer Straße. The logo shows a turf boat with a bargeman nicknamed by townsfolk as Jan von Moor (i.e. John from [the] Mire). which the Wasser- und Bodenverband Teufelsmoor (as the GLV Teufelsmoor was named till 2008) consigned on loan from its collection to the museum. Ernst Soujon thatched the boat shelter in unpaid voluntary work in spring 1991 replacing the previous conventionally modern roof. In 2015 the roof needed a new thatching for approximately € 10,000. In 1983 club members redesigned the outdoor area also planting rhododendrons which thrive well in the sour soil of the former mire. Master Mason Georg Geffken created in 100 hours of unpaid voluntary work a replica of a traditional brick oven house completed in December 1985, which became centre for a new tradition, the annual Steinofenfest (i.e. stone oven village fête). by a replica of a flap weir () built by the club members Waldemar Hartstock and Heinz Kommerau. In the oven house in the museum's outdoor area villagers bake traditional regional cakes such as Butterkuchen then offered to the guests. Music and dance enhance the fête, ending with a barbeque. == Attendance ==
Attendance
The attendance developed encouraging in the first 20 years after opening the museum with more than 4,000 visitors per year, however, by 2015 it had halved. According to another source the number of visitors only slightly declined in the last intervall (4,657 annually). The decline may account for the fact that the museum's exhibition deals with the same subject whereas its counterparts in the heart of Worpswede show altering temporary exhibitions. The small café opened also aims at countering the trend. On Mondays and Tuesdays the museum is closed, however, visits outside the opening times can be agreed beforehand. Entrance fees are moderate. == References ==
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