Planning and Construction The
Berlin-Anhalt Railway Company () was for more than four decades in the 19th century one of the major railway companies in Germany. It built during this period a network of major rail links between
Berlin and the northern part of the
Kingdom of Saxony and the
Prussian
Province of Saxony and the
Duchy of Anhalt, including the
Anhalt trunk line. Its trunk line ran from Berlin via
Wittenberg and
Dessau to
Köthen, where it connected with the
Magdeburg-Leipzig line to
Halle and Leipzig. In order to shorten the route to Halle and Leipzig, the company built direct lines from Dessau via Bitterfeld to Leipzig and Halle in the late 1850s. The section from Dessau to Bitterfeld was opened on 17 August 1857. This was followed by the opening of the sections from Bitterfeld to both Halle and Leipzig on 1 February 1859. A shorter line was opened between Berlin to Leipzig on a direct route between Wittenberg and Bitterfeld on 3 August 1859. The parliament of the Duchy of Anhalt decided to build a 13 km long railway from Roßlau to
Zerbst to connect Zerbst to the fast-growing rail network. This was opened on 1 November 1863. The line was operated by the Berlin-Anhalt Railway Company. It acquired the railway on 1 October 1871 for one million
marks and extended it from 1 July 1874 to the Anhalt–Prussian border at Trebnitz. At the same time the
Berlin-Potsdam-Magdeburg Railway Company (
Potsdam-Magdeburger Eisenbahngesellschaft) opened it line from the border to Biederitz, which was already connected by the
Berlin–Potsdam–Magdeburg Railway to
Magdeburg. A passenger train and a locomotive collided at a Rackwitz on 21 June 1871. 19 people died and 56 others were injured.
Electrification The Magdeburg–Dessau–Leipzig–Halle axis was one of the first mainline to be electrified with low-frequency, single phase power. The
Prussian state railways preferred to electrify the
Euskirchen–Trier and the
Altona-Kiel lines, but the army command had objections in both cases. In addition,
lignite deposits in the area meant that a power station with short supply routes could be constructed at Muldenstein. Construction on the Muldenstein railway power station started on 18 January 1910 and about two months later the construction of a substation in Bitterfeld and the erection of overhead contact wire for the first section from Dessau to Bitterfeld began. The state police approved the power supply and contact line systems on 4 January 1911 and trial operations with a voltage of 5 kV and a supply line voltage of 30 kV began on 18 January 1911 using a borrowed
Baden State Railways class A1 locomotive, which had previously had test runs on the
Ammergau Railway with transformers suitable for 5.5 kV. After increasing the supply line voltage to the designated 60 kV, the catenary voltage was increased to 10 kV for test runs on 25 March and permanent on 28 March the newly built WSL 10502 HALLE and WGL 10204 HALLE locomotives could be reach their full traction effort. On 1 April, the line was opened for public operations by the Prussian Minister
Paul von Breitenbach in the presence of members of parliament. the whole line to Leipzig Hauptbahnhof was taken into operation by electric traction in June 1914, but this is considered unlikely. At the beginning of the twenties, the electrification was initially restored between Leipzig and Dessau and soon extended over the whole line towards Magdeburg. To ensure the power supply, another substation was built in
Marke.
After the Second World War After the end of World War II, the most urgent war damage was eliminated and electric operations resumed, but it had to be abandoned in March 1946. The infrastructure was abruptly dismantled and delivered together with the locomotives to the
USSR as
war reparations. After the return of the electrification equipment in 1952 the line was electrified for a third time. The contact wire between Bitterfeld and Meinsdorf (Roßlau freight yard) was completed on 15 March 1958 and between Leipzig and Bitterfeld on 9 July 1958. For the connection to Magdeburg, the route via Köthen to Halle was more important, so that the line northwest of Roßlau was not initially electrified. In 1962, the Bitterfeld–Delitzsch section was moved to allow the development of a new open pit mine at Holzweißig-West, extending its length by 1498 metres and Petersroda station was rebuilt.
Federal highway 184 was rebuilt parallel to the line. From 1 January 1955 to 1 January 1977, the section north of Haideburg yard belonged to
Reichsbahndirektion (
railway division) Halle, subsequently the border with the area of
Reichsbahndirektion Magdeburg corresponded again with the boundary of the
district of Magdeburg at Neeken. The second track was restored in the 1970s to the northwest of Roßlau in the district of Magdeburg. For unknown reasons the track was not restored in the area of the
district of Halle, so
points had to be installed at Neeken. The line was then re-electrified. The overhead wire was completed on 4 October 1974 between Roßlau and Zerbst and the remaining section between Zerbst and Magdeburg Neustadt was completed on 15 April 1975. Preparations were made for the overhead wire for the missing second track between Neeken and Roßlau freight yard, but the section remained single track. Although the missing track was relaid in 1990, two-track operations were not introduced because the points at the junctions had not been modified for two-track operations. In long-distance traffic between Berlin and Leipzig, the section between Bitterfeld and Leipzig–together with the line from Bitterfeld to Halle–was the busiest in the
GDR. They were served by express trains via Leipzig to
Zwickau and
Aue and to
Gera and
Saalfeld. Trains also ran over the network of
Deutsche Reichsbahn from Berlin to
Karlovy Vary and
Rostock to
Munich. In addition, one or two pairs of express ran daily from Leipzig to Magdeburg and continued towards
Hanover. Trains ran towards the
Berlin outer ring via Dessau, especially unscheduled services, seasonal trains and transit trains (which did not stop in East Germany) between West Berlin and
West Germany. From 1976, the line was included in Deutsche Reichsbahn’s new
Städteexpress ("city express") network.
List of Städteexpress (Ex) services on the line (as of 31 May 1991) • Ex 100/107
Elstertal: Gera–Leipzig–Berlin • Ex 160/167
Sachsenring: Zwickau–Berlin • Ex 151/156
Berliner Bär: Berlin–Leipzig–Erfurt • Ex 162/163
Thomaner: Leipzig–Berlin • Ex 166/161
Lipsia: Leipzig–Berlin
After 1990 Following the
reunification of Germany the section from Leipzig to Bitterfeld became less important at first; the
Städteexpress trains were abandoned on 31 May 1991 and replaced by
Intercity and
InterRegio services. Later a regular-interval timetable was introduced. The scheduled travel time between Leipzig and Berlin was around two and a half hours in 1990. As of the summer 1992 timetable, long-distance line 8 service ran every two hours from Bitterfeld to Leipzig on the Berlin–Leipzig–Nuremberg–Munich route. From 1997 to 1999, this service ran via
Berlin-Wannsee and Dessau. After the service returned to running via
Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Dessau initially received in its place
InterRegio 36 services running between
Stralsund and
Frankfurt running through Bitterfeld and Halle. In addition, from 1994, there was a single daily InterRegio service running from northwest Germany via Magdeburg, Dessau and Leipzig through Saxony and eastern Thuringia with a stop in Zerbst. During the night, a train ran, depending on the timetable period, from Berlin via Dessau with destinations in Switzerland, Northern Italy or Hungary. In 1991, upgrading of the line from Berlin to Halle and Leipzig commenced as part of the German Unity Transport Projects: rail project 8.3. The development of the line between Leipzig and Bitterfeld was carried in a total of ten sections. At this time the line between Delitzsch and Zschortau was upgraded for a length of 2.2 km. In the mid-1990s, the upgrade was sufficiently advanced for speeds on a section of it to be raised to a maximum of 160 km/h. Further work was required for the raising of speeds to 200 km/h, in particular the elimination of many level crossings. Completion of this work in 1999, at a cost of 3.5 billion marks, cut the travel time between Halle/Leipzig and Berlin to under an hour. Various improvements had been made to the line, including the eliminating of all crossings and the modernisation of all stations. A radio-based
train protection system was installed. A timetable change in May 2006 raised speeds largely to 200 km/h on the upgraded section of the line between Bitterfeld and Leipzig. The upgrade of the Berlin–Bitterfeld–Leipzig line allowed the operation of
ICE T tilting trains on IC line 8 from December 2002. In 2005 and 2006, the line from Bitterfeld to Leipzig was upgraded for operations of up to 200 km/h. A total of €1.657 billion was invested in the upgrade of line between Halle, Leipzig and Berlin up to the end of 2013. A curve directly connecting
Leipzig/Halle Airport and the line to the north towards Berlin was contemplated but rejected in 2010. The
Elbe floods of 2002 significantly damaged an already weakened section of the bridge over the
Mulde between Roßlau and Dessau. Subsequently the embankment and all the bridges were rebuilt from 2008 to 2011 just to the east of the old line and the old works were then dismantled. Subsequently since 2009 there has been a comprehensive renovation, including a major reconstruction of the track and overhead line equipment of the Roßlau/Dessau railway node. The first section rebuilt covered the line from Dessau to Wolfen, including work to renew and adapt the stations of Dessau-Süd, Marke, Raguhn, Jeßnitz and Wolfen. On 5 December 2010,
electronic interlockings were put into operation in Dessau and Raguhn, which replaced all other signal boxes on the section between Dessau and Wolfen. Between the spring of 2012 and the summer of 2013, further work was carried out on the section between Güterglück and Roßlau. Here, the second track was restored between Neeken and Roßlau, Zerbst and Rodleben stations were rebuilt and the overhead contact lines and the signalling systems were renewed. An electronic interlocking for this section of line was built in Güterglück. The remodelling of Roßlau station is planned. Between early 2010 and mid-2013, alterations were carried out between
Leipzig Messe and Leipzig Hauptbahnhof for the integration of the
Leipzig City Tunnel in place of the existing route. In this context, the new
Leipzig Nord (planning name:
Theresienstraße) station at Berliner Bridge was brought into operation at the end of 2013 together with the City Tunnel. The route to Bitterfeld was integrated into the network of the
S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland. By 2017, further development is planned within the city of Leipzig as part of German Unity Transport Project 8.3. ==Route==