In 1844, created his
Anti-Absurd or Phrenotypic Alphabet, featuring turned g for the diphthong . In 1880,
John Wesley Powell created a phonetic transcription for transcribing Native American languages in publications of the
Smithsonian Institution. In the transcriptions, turned letters were used as supplementary characters. In 1900, turned g was used as a phonetic symbol in the
International Phonetic Association's
Exposé des principes to represent a voiceless
laminal closed postalveolar sibilant, as found in
Adyghe and other
Northwest Caucasian languages.
Franz Boas used turned g to represent the
voiced velar fricative in his transcription of the
Kwakʼwala language, published in
American Anthropologist in 1900. In 1921, and used turned g in their phonetic transcription, notably in '
published in 1892 or the dictionary ' published in 1921. In 1929,
Tadeusz Jan Kowalski used the turned g and
turned k in
Karaim language texts to represent an alveolar plosive pronounced as a velar plosive before the vowel .
Omeljan Pritsak reused this in a 1959 Karaim work. Turned g represents a in the transcription of the
Tabasaran language by in his book '''' (, “The Tabasaran language: analysis and texts”) published in 1965. text, using a rotated capital G for ŋ.|class=skin-invert-image A rotated
capital G has sometimes been used as a substitute for the similar-looking
eng . The capital has not been encoded in
Unicode, but the character Turned sans serif capital G (⅁) U+2141 may look similar to it in sans serif fonts (when it is turned, not reversed). == Computing codes ==