Readers' advisory

North America "Setting a date for the start of what we now call readers advisory service, particularly readers advisory in the public library, is at best a frustrating, almost arbitrary exercise. Efforts at historical precision can founder on such basic issues as the absence of common definitions. For example, answers to such questions as 'What exactly is a public library?" or "What really is readers advisory?" have long been disputed." (Bill Crowley, from his 2005 journal article "Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service") The historical period divisions and merits of different types of readers' advisory services is an often-debated topic among librarians. Bill Crowley, in his 2005 article, "Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service," breaks down the historical period divisions of the service into four eras: • 1876 to 1920 – "Inventing" Readers' Advisory • 1920 to 1940 – "Privileging Nonfiction" in Readers' Advisory • 1940 to 1984 – Readers' Advisory "'Lost' in Adult Services" • 1984 to 2005 (current at time of article) – "Reviving Readers' Advisory" Juris Dilevko and Candice Magowan question the merits of the current readers' advisory emphasis on popular fiction materials in their book "Readers' Advisory Service in North American Public Libraries, 1870–2005". They subdivide the history into three eras: • 1870 to 1916 – "The Formative Years" • 1917 to 1962 – "The Commitment to Systematic Adult Education" • 1963 to 2005 – "The Devolution into Entertainment" Dilevko and Mogowan write about "readers' advisory systematically committ[ing] itself to meaningful adult education through serious and purposeful reading" up until the 1960s, when emphasis on "popular culture resulted in the 'Give 'Em What They Want' approach" 1897–1920 In 1897, the American Library Association President stated that "the personal influence of librarians who assisted and advised readers was the most potent force in molding community reading." 1920–1980 Organized readers' advisory programs have been documented dating back to the 1920s. Between 1922 and 1926, readers' advisory programs were experimentally introduced into seven urban libraries (Cleveland and Detroit, in 1922, Indianapolis, Milwaukee, and Chicago, in 1923 and 1924, The Adult Education Movement emerged in the 1920s in public libraries and was frequently discussed in American Library Association professional publications. The 1924 report The American Public Library and the Diffusion of Knowledge by William Learned to the Carnegie Corporation sought to establish adult education as the focus of the public library, with personalized readers' advisory service to adult readers by "reference experts" who would make up a "community intelligence service." 1. Service regarding local opportunities for adult students.2. Service to other agencies engaged in adult education.3. Service to individual readers and students. This new professional interest during the 1920s spurred the creation of specialized full-time readers' advisory positions in major public libraries. 1980s–2000s Some librarians consider the early 1980s to be the beginning of a revival in readers' advisory and rise in the inclusion of fiction, noting write that readers' advisory was historically biased in favor of nonfiction. Others disapproved of the new approaches to the service. Dilevko and Magowan write that "post-1980 readers' advisory thus became an opportunity to converse with patrons about 'light, quick, escapist' books -- popular and ephemeral fiction and nonfiction for entertainment, pleasure, and recreation -- because such conversations were not 'too burdensome'." In 1982, the term "genreflecting" was first coined by Betty Rosenberg, who authored Genreflecting: A Guide to Reading Interests in Genre Fiction (Libraries Unlimited, 1982). Another major influence on the spread and revival of readers' advisory was the Adult Reading Round Table (ARRT), founded by a group of Chicago public librarians in 1984. The group organized workshops, seminars, and genre-study groups. 2000s– Libraries Unlimited's Genreflecting Advisory Series has grown to 32 titles as of 2025. Beyond traditional genres (fantasy, mystery, romance), some of the diverse offerings now include guides to LGBT literature, guides to graphic novels (comic books, manga, etc.), and Christian fiction. ". . . contemporary readers advisory service is best understood as an organized program promoting both fiction and nonfiction discretionary reading for the dual purposes of satisfying reader needs and advancing a culture's goal of a literate population." (Bill Crowley, from his 2005 journal article "Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service") ==Types==