Universal Entertainment

Universal Lease Co., Ltd was established in December 1969. It later changed its name to Universal Ltd in Japan. Universal Distributing Company opened as an american subsidiary to sell video games direct to operators, and was later named Universal USA. They initially earned success with arcade video games that cloned popular arcade games. Scratch (1977) was a Breakout clone that became the third highest-earning arcade video game of 1977 in Japan, just below Speed Race DX and Breakout. Scratch was again Japan's fourth highest-earning arcade video game of 1978. Cosmic Monsters (1978) was a Space Invaders clone that became Japan's sixth highest-earning arcade video game the same year. Universal eventually moved away from clones and began producing original arcade games. (1978) for which it was advertised as the world's first 16-bit game; it was among Japan's top twenty highest-earning arcade video games of 1978. In January 2005, the company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Aruze. Aruze Corporation changed its company name to Universal Entertainment Corporation effective November 1, 2009. On February 2, 2023, Aruze Gaming filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the United States. ==Relationship with SNK==

In 2000, Aruze bought out SNK Corporation, maker of the Neo Geo. In exchange for the use of SNK's popular characters on their pachinko and slot machines, and a few games for the Neo Geo, Aruze promised financial backing for the failing SNK. Instead Aruze instituted a program to liquidate SNK's assets and cut costs. This included licensing out popular IP to other companies (such as Metal Slug series, The King of Fighters series and Sengoku series), closing underperforming divisions, discontinuing distribution outside Japan, ending support for the Neo Geo arcade platform and selling off warehoused inventory. By 2001 it was clear to many SNK's employees that Aruze was not planning to preserve SNK and was simply going to let the company implode after liquidating most of its useful assets. So Eikichi Kawasaki and many other executives from SNK left to form Playmore in August 1, 2001. Over this period many rank and file employees left to join other arcade developers or form their own companies. In November 1, 2001, Aruze announced that its subsidiary, SNK to file for bankruptcy by the Osaka District Court on October 30, 2001 and all of its assets went up for bidding. Kawasaki's Playmore stepped in and bought up most of the auctioned assets and set itself up to re-enter the video game market as the successor to SNK. Playmore also acquired some of the companies formed by ex-SNK employees, namely Brezzasoft and Noise Factory, to jumpstart development of more titles for the Neo Geo arcade system. Playmore quickly went about re-establishing themselves in the market; they opened new branches in North America and Europe, announced development of new titles for the Neo Geo arcade system, started developing games for console and portable systems for the first time in years and re-established distribution channels to sell inventory for the Neo Geo home and pocket systems. To further establish themselves as a reborn SNK they officially changed their name to SNK Playmore in 2003. In October 2002, Aruze was sued by Playmore founder Eikichi Kawasaki for copyright infringement over SNK's intellectual properties, claiming their use was unauthorized by Playmore. In January 2004, a preliminary decision was handed down by the Osaka District Court favoring SNK Playmore and was awarded 5.64 billion yen (US$57,627,468) in damages. == UPL ==

, formally known as , was a video game developer headquartered in Oyama, Tochigi, Japan. It was founded in 1972 to continue Universal Entertainment's arcade business. On November 1, 1983, the company was renamed to UPL. The company filed for bankruptcy on March 4, 1992. Near the end of UPL's business, founder Tsutomu Fujisawa later established a new video game company called Scarab, which renamed itself several years later as feelplus. In May 2016, UPL sold its rights to Hamster Corporation who then released the company's games through the Arcade Archives lineup. == Games ==

Universal Entertainment Arcade video games • Scratch (1977) • Cosmic Monsters (1978) (1983, licensed from Technōs Japan) • ''Mr. Do's Castle aka Mr. Do vs Unicorns'' (1983) • ''Mr. Do's Wild Ride'' (1984) • Do! Run Run (1984) • Jumping Jack (1984) • Indoor Soccer (1985) • Nova 2001 (1983) • Ninja-kun Majou no Bouken (1984, released by Taito) • Return of the Invaders (1984, released by Taito) • Penguin-kun Wars (1985) • Raiders5 (1985, released by Taito) • XX Mission (1986, released in North America by United Artists Theatre Amusements) • Ark Area (1987) • Mutant Night (1987) • Ninja-Kid II (1987, released in the USA by World Games as Rad Action, and by United Amusements as JT-104) • Atomic Robo-Kid (1988, released in North America by Nikom) • Omega Fighter (1989, released in North America by American Sammy) • Otogizoushi Urashima Mahjong (1989) • Task Force Harrier (1989, released in North America by American Sammy) • Bio-ship Paladin (1990, released in North America by American Sammy) • US-AAF Mustang (1990) • Vandyke (1991) • Acrobat Mission (1991) • Black Heart (1991) • Koutetsu Yousai Strahl (1992) ==== Game Boy ==== • Ninja Taro (published outside of Japan by American Sammy) ==== Mega Drive/Genesis ==== • Atomic Robo-Kid (ported by Treco) • Bio-ship Paladin (ported by Aisystem Tokyo) ==== X68000 ==== • Atomic Robo-Kid (ported by System Sacom) ==== Super NES ==== • Acrobat Mission (ported by Teichiku) • Super Ninja-kun (published by Jaleco) ==== TurboGrafx-16/TurboGrafx-CD ==== • Atomic Robo-Kid Special • Gomola Speed Aruze == Explanatory notes ==